Ngokusekwe kwimpendulo yohlobo lwengca kwiimeko zemozulu, ngakumbi ubushushu, uninzi lwezilwanyana zeGlosi luhlulwe lwahlulahlulo lwengca efudumeleyo yengca kunye neentlobo zeentlobo zengca. Uluhlu lobushushu obufanelekileyo lokukhula kweengcambu zengca epholileyo (Uluhlu lobushushu lwe-sub) yi-celsius, kunye nodidi lobushushu obunelungelo lokukhula kwegqabi (uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu omoya) yi-16-24 Degrees Celsius; Ngeengca ezifudumeleyo, uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kwinkqubo yeengcambu yi-25-27 degrees Celsius, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu bomoya luyi-27-35 degrees Celsius.
Ingca epholileyo yexesha: Uninzi lwexesha lokukhula kwengca epholileyo igxilwe kwithuba elonwabisayo lonyaka, oko kukuthi, emazantsi nasentwasahlobo; emantla entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Iidiliya zexesha elipholileyo zibandakanya: igobile, iBluegrass, rye kunye ne-fescue
Ingca efudumeleyo yeXesha: Ixesha lokukhula kwengca yexesha elifudumeleyo ligxilwe kwiinyanga ezishushu zonyaka, ezikhoyo ngentlantsi yentwasahlobo, ihlobo kunye nendawo yotshintsho. Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo iquka ingca yeBermuda, iZoysia kunye ne-Seashore Paspaliso. Ingca efudumeleyo yexesha elifudumeleyo legalufa idla ngokudityaniswa nengca epholileyo yexesha lokugcina umbala wayo ebusika. Rye kunye nezinye iintlobo zengca kwakuqala kukhetho.
Imbewu yengca yokuqala: Ingca yokuqala isetyenziswaIikhosi zegalufaNgaba onke amadlelo asele ekhona edlelo kwindawo leyo, kwaye ingca yokuqala etyalwe kwigalufa yayikwingca yedlelo yendawo. Phambi kwe-1930s, iikhosi zegalufa ezakhiwe emantla e-United States zisebenzisa ingca edityanisiweyo njengeGalufa ye-Golf. I-gont exubeneyo iqulethe i-80% ye-bolonialial, i-10% ye-velvet igobe kwaye igobe elincinci le-golve. ENew England, igonti yeVelvet yayisetyenziselwa imifuno. Le mboleko yengca yayisisityalo somama sabahlobo elizayo lwegalufa yeGesa yeGesa yembewu.
Ngo-1916, izazinzulu ezininzi ezivela kwi-United States iSebe lezoLimo (i-USDA) yaseka umbutho obizwa ngokuba yiArilleton Laledi, enikezelwe ekuvavanyeni imbewu yengca ye-Greens. Ngo-1921, baqala ukusebenzisana ne-USDA ukuba bamisele ngokusesikweni uMbutho weGoft wase-United States (i-USGA) yokwandisa uphando kwimbewu yengca. Bakhangeleka bengca ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo baphuma kuyo yonke indawo, njengokumagqabaza amagqabi amagqabi, umbala, ukungcungcutheka kunye nokunganyangeki kwezifo, kwaye ubatyala kwi-nursery yegadi yeArlington Lawn Countiye. I-USGA isebenzise ileta c ukuba ihlawule ukulinywa. Ngo-1927, iSebe lezeZ lezolimo lase-US lazisa ukuba balifumene ingca eluhlaza eluhlaza eluhlaza. Sebenzisa le tekhnoloji yokuzala ye-assex, imifuno emininzi igqunywe ziingubo eziluhlaza, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kuyalinywa ngokufanelekileyo, isifo kunye nokunganyangeki kwenambuzane akunakuphuculwa.
Ukuzila ingca yengca: Izazinzulu zaqalisa ukufunda ePennsylvania ngo-1940 ukuzama ukufumana iyunifomu kunye nembewu ethe tyaba. Emva kweminyaka eli-9 yokusebenza nzima, bahlakulela ingca ebize imbewu ebizwa ngokuba yiPenNCRS, eyamiselwa ngo-1954 kwaye yaqala ukutshintsha ingca eluhlaza. Phambi kwe-1990s, iPenNCRS yayiyingca eluhlaza enkulu. Nangona iintlobo ezintsha eziye zasungulwa, i-venNss isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje.
I-Pennsylvania yophando lwembewu yembewu isaqhubeka. Phantsi kwesikhokelo sikaGqr. Joe duwick, igonnegle yepennegle yasungulwa ngo-1978 kwaye i-Pennlinks isungulwe ngo-1986. Ukusukela ngo-1980 ukuya ku-1980 ukuya ku-1980 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-190, uphando malunga nokuchasana nobushushu bokukhulisa iinguqulelo eziphezulu. Ngophando eTexas yi-USGA, i-New Gent Vent Admieeies Cato kunye neConnshaw zasungulwa. Kwangelo xesha, iPennsylvania yophando kaDennsylyl Iinzame zakhe zikhokelele ekuphenduleni kwengcenge yochungechunge no-G. Ezinye iinkampani zembewu yengca zisungule iintlobo ezibalaseleyo ezinjenge: SR1020, L-ICOPECSPE ye-Bluegrass i-Bluegrass i-Bluedrass ye-40 ukuya kwele-50, egxile kwi Ukulinywa kwemibungu ukuba kuqhutywa ukukhetha kweemveliso zembewu ethe tyaba olwenziweyo ngeenkampani zengca ezahlukeneyo zengca, kubandakanya:
Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo: Ingca yeBermuda ilungele imimandla yehlabathi, enzulu yehlabathi; Kwimeko yemozulu ye-United States, iZoysia isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela zendlela, kodwa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi eJapan, iKorea neChina; I-Buffalo Yingca, ingca yemveli yamathafa amakhulu eNyakatho Melika, ilungele ingca ende kwi-semi-gud, i-Semid kunye neyamileyo; I-Seashore Paspalom, olona xesha lesatyiwa lutshaba lwetyuwa, lulungele imimandla enamatye kunye ne-pubropical, kunye neentlobo zalo eziphuculiweyo zinokusetyenziswa njengengca ye-tets,imifuno kunye neendlela zendlela.
Ingca yeBermuda kunye ne-hybrids yayo: Elona vimba isetyenziswa kakhulu yeBermida lisenokuba lasasazwa ngabahlolisi bakuqala ngeSpanish. Ngo-1924, iUnited States yaqala i-bermuda eyahlukileyo e-Atlanta, kwaye ngo-1938, u3. Emva kwexesha, xa iGolfer enkulu yaseGobby yaya e-Egypt ukuba idlale igalufa, wazisa ngengozi iindidi ezintsha zeBermiuda nge-Egypt kwi-Egypt, iUgandatd. Ngaphambi kowe-1950, bekukho kuphela ezi ngcebiso zeBermuda ezinokukhethwa. Ngeminyaka yee-1950s kunye ne-1960s, ingca ye-bermida ngokubanzi yaba yingca yegalufa yegalufa. Ngeminyaka yee-1940, isayensi kwiCandelo lezoLimo lase-US, iGlen Burton, yafumanisa ngengozi ingca, imfutshane, eMfutshane, ePhezulu, ePhezulu kwintsimi yakhe yokutya kwidolophu yaseTifton, eGeorgia. Emva kwe-hybridization, waqalisa iTifton 57 (i-tiflawn) ngo-1957. Le ngca ilungele kakhulu ukutyala kwimidlalo yezemidlalo kodwa hayi kwizigreni kuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ke ibrarton iqhubeke ifundwe kwaye yafunda ukuba enye inzululwazi yayiyi-tifton yakhe 57 ngeengcambu zenja yase-Afrika. Emva kokuphefumlelwa, wavuma wafumana iingcambu ezininzi zenja kwiindawo ezisebenza zasemazantsi. Emva kweendawo zokukhululwa kwe-hybrization, i-burton isungule iTifton 127 (Tifton 328 (Tifgreen) kunye neTifton 419 (Tifway). I-Dwarf Bermuda (iTifdwarf) yayidlwengulwa ngomnye unolwaziso malunga nokukhethwa kwemfuzo yemfuzo engama-328, kodwa yabhaliswa nguBorton ngo-1955.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uTifton useziko eligunyazisiweyo lokuchongwa kwe-Birmidis yeBermuda. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, enye ingxabano, eHanna, isaqhuba uphando kwidolophu yaseTifton. Wasungula ingca ye-Eagle kunye neTifsport, bobabini banayo isityalo esivela eTshayina.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-DEC-09-2024