1. Imikhwa yengca ekhula ngexesha lonyaka opholileyo
Ingca ekwindla ithanda imozulu epholileyo kwaye iyoyika ubushushu. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza entwasahlobo nasekwindla kwaye iyalala ehlotyeni. Xa ubushushu bufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-5℃ ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inxalenye engaphezulu komhlaba inokukhula. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokukhula kweengcambu yi-10-18℃, kwaye ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokukhula kwesiqu namagqabi yi-10-25℃; inkqubo yeengcambu iyayeka ukukhula xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-25℃. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-32℃, inxalenye engaphezulu komhlaba iyayeka ukukhula. Ukukhula kwengca ekwindla kufuna amanzi amaninzi kunye nobonelelo lwesichumiso, kwaye uninzi lweentlobo lukhetha ukukhanya kunomthunzi.
2. Ukukhetha iintlobo zengca yengca yexesha elipholileyo
Ukukhethwa kweentlobo zengca zexesha elipholileyo kulandela umgaqo othi "umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nengca efanelekileyo". Ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo phakathi kweentlobo okanye iintlobo kunokunyusa ukulungelelaniswa kwengca. Ingca eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iluhlaza okotshani kwaye inamagqabi amancinci. Ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo kweentlobo ezintathu nangaphezulu kunokwenza ingcaingca ekumgangatho ophezuluNangona kunjalo, iimfuno zamanzi kunye nezichumisi ziphezulu. Ukumelana nezifo kunye nokumelana nobushushu ehlotyeni ngokubanzi akulunganga njengezo ze-fescue ende; ixabiso lokuhombisa leentlobo ezintsha ze-fescue ende liphuculwe, kodwa liserhabaxa xa lithelekiswa ne-meadow bluegrass. Ukutyalwa kweentlobo ezintathu nangaphezulu kuya kwenza ingca ingamelani nembalela, ingamelani nobushushu kwaye ingamelani nezifo, kwaye iimfuno zamanzi kunye nezichumisi nazo ziphantsi kunezo zokuqala. I-fescue ebomvu inyamezela umthunzi kwaye ayimelani nobushushu, ngoko ke ingaxutywa ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezipholileyo ukuphucula ukunyamezela umthunzi wengca; i-bluegrass enesiqu esirhabaxa yeyona inyamezela umthunzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zengca, kodwa ayikhuli kakuhle kwiindawo ezinokukhanya kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo ezipholileyo. Ubungakanani bokuhlwayela bazo zonke iintlobo zengca akufuneki budlule ubungakanani bokuhlwayela obucetyiswayo, i-meadow bluegrass 6-15g/m2, i-fescue ende 25-40g/m2. Ukuze ubone iziphumo ezikhawulezayo, ukunyusa ubungakanani bokuhlwayela akukhuthazi ukukhula kwengca.
3. Iimfuneko zokunkcenkceshela ingca yexesha lonyaka elipholileyo
Ingca yexesha elibandayo iyawathanda amanzi kodwa iyoyika ukugcwala kwamanzi. Phantsi kwengcamango yokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwamanzi aneleyo, ubungakanani bokunkcenkceshela kufuneka buhlengahlengiswe ngokwexesha lonyaka kunye nobushushu, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa umhlaba kakuhle. Xa ingca ijika ibe luhlaza entwasahlobo, yinkcenkceshele kwangethuba kwaye kakuhle ukuze ikhuthaze ukuluhlaza kwengca; fafaza amanzi ukuze aphole kubushushu obuphezulu ehlotyeni, uthintele ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi emva kwemvula, kwaye unkcenkceshele xa kumanzi kwaye komile ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokuhlwa; yandisa ixesha lokunkcenkceshela ekwindla kude kube sekuqaleni kobusika.
4. Ukuthena ingca yengca yexesha elibandayo
Ukuphakama kwengca kufuneka kube ngaphezulu okanye kulingane nokuphakama okucetyiswayo kwengca ezahlukeneyo. Ingca yasekuqaleni yi-1-2.5 cm, i-fescue ende yi-2-4.5 cm, kwaye ukuphakama kwengca kwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo malunga ne-0.5 cm kwiindawo ezinomthunzi; ukuphakama kwengca ehlotyeni kwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo malunga ne-1 cm. Ubungakanani bokuthena ngexesha elinye akufuneki budlule kwisithathu sokuphakama kwengca. Umzekelo, ukuphakama kwengca yi-8 cm, kwaye ukuphakama kwengca kufikelela kwi-12 cm. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwesithathu sokuphakama kwengca kuthenwa ngexesha elinye, kuya kubangela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omonakalo kwingca, kwaye ingca iya kuba buthathaka kancinci kancinci.
5. Ukuchumisa ingca yengca yexesha elibandayo
Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthenwa rhoqo, ingca yexesha elibandayo kufuneka ilungiswe izihlandlo ezininzi ngonyaka. Faka isichumiso ubuncinane kabini entwasahlobo nasekwindla, uze wandise inani lesichumiso entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngokwemeko; ngokubanzi akukho sichumiso sifakwayo ehlotyeni, kwaye isichumiso esikhupha kancinci (isichumiso sendalo okanye isichumiso seekhemikhali) singasetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukuba kuyimfuneko; ukongeza kwisichumiso senitrogen, iphosphorus kunye nepotassium esifakwa entwasahlobo yokuqala nasekwindla yokugqibela, kufuneka kufakwe isichumiso senitrogen; ehlotyeni, musa ukufaka isichumiso senitrogen izihlandlo ezininzi ngenxa yobuthathaka bengca ukuze uphephe izifo ezibangela izifo. Isichumiso sepotassium sinokuphucula ukumelana kwengca, kwaye isichumiso sepotassium sinokongezwa ngalo lonke ixesha isichumiso senitrogen sifakwa. Izondlo zesichumiso esikhupha kancinci zibonelela ingca ngokukhula okulinganayo, ngelixa zinciphisa inani lesichumiso kwaye zisindisa abasebenzi. Ukuchumisa kufuneka kwenziwe kusetyenziswa oomatshini abakhethekileyo bokuchumisa, abanokwenza ukuba isichumiso sisetyenziswe ngokuchanileyo nangokulinganayo.
6. Ukususwa kokhula
Ngaphambi kokuba ingca ityalwe, sebenzisa isibulali-khula esibulalayo (esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo) ukuze ususe ukhula emhlabeni ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enokunciphisa kakhulu ukhula olukwingca kwasekuqaleni.
7. Izinambuzane nezifo zengca yengca yexesha elibandayo
Ukuthintela nokulawula izifo zengca kufuneka kulandele umgaqo othi "ukuthintela kuqala, ukuthintela okupheleleyo nokulawula". Okokuqala, kufuneka kugcinwe ngokwemilinganiselo efanelekileyo yolondolozo, uze emva koko kudityaniswe nezibulali-zinambuzane zokuthintela nokulawula. Ehlotyeni, izifo zengca zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye ziyingozi ngakumbi. Ungazitshiza izibulali-zinambuzane ukuze uzithintele ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Oko kukuthi, faka izibulali-zinambuzane ngo-Epreli, ngoMeyi, nangoJuni. Ehlotyeni, izibulali-zinambuzane zikhula kancinci, kwaye ubukho bezifo buhlala bungakhathalelwa. Izichumisi zisetyenziswa endaweni yezibulali-zinambuzane, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba ezinye izifo zibe nzima ngakumbi. Kufuneka wahlule imeko kwaye ujongane nayo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-21-2024