Ingca yenkundla yindlela yokuphila yegalufa. Impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli ewe ulawulo lwengcaichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwebala kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zokusebenza kwalo. Ulawulo lwebala lemidlalo olunesayensi nolulungileyo alunakutsala abadlali abaninzi kuphela kwaye luzise iingenelo zoqoqosho ezilungileyo kwibala lemidlalo, kodwa lukwadala udumo oluhle lwebala lemidlalo kwaye lonyuse ukuthandwa kwebala lemidlalo. Uluhlaza luphawu lwebala lemidlalo yegalufa. Ukubukela kunye nokusebenza kwalo luhlaza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imvakalelo yegalufa nganye kunye novavanyo lwebala lemidlalo yegalufa. Ke ngoko, phantse zonke iigreens zebala lemidlalo yegalufa ezinokutyalwa nge-bentgrass zikhethwa ukuze zibukelwe kwaye zibukelwe. I-bentgrass ekhasakhasa engcono. Xa ukhetha i-creeping bentgrass, ukhetha nemingeni ekugcinweni nasekulawulweni. Oku kulandelayo ngamanye amava omsebenzi wombhali malunga nokuthintela nokulawula izifo zebala lemidlalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
一. Iibhaktheriya eziphambili ezibangela izifo
Izifo zengca yasezinkundleni zibangelwa kakhulu yifungi. Njengohlobo lwe-microorganism, ifungi yenziwe yi-hyphae ehlangana ibe yi-mycelium. Ifungi iphila ngokufunxa izondlo nge-mycelium. Iimpuku luhlobo lwefungi. Iimpuku zisasazeka kwisityalo ngomoya, imvula kunye nezinye izinto. Xa iimeko zifanelekile, ii-spores ziyahluma kwaye zenze ifungi. Iimpuku lolona hlobo luphambili lokusasazeka kwesifo. Umonakalo ophambili obangelwa yifungi kukuba ifungi ifunxa izondlo kwizityalo, itshabalalise iiseli zezityalo kunye nezicubu, kwaye ibangele ukufa kwezityalo. Ifungus inokwahlulwa ibe yifungi ye-saprophytic kunye nefungi ye-parasitic. Ifungus ye-saprophytic itya izinto eziphilayo ezifileyo, ngelixa ifungus ye-parasitic itya izinto eziphilayo kwaye ifunxa kwizityalo eziphilayo.
Iifungi azinazo izicwili ezihambisa amanzi kwaye zinokuxhomekeka kuphela kumswakama wangaphandle ukuze zizale. Ngenxa yoko, iifungi azisebenzi kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu eyomileyo, yiyo loo nto izifo zefungus zisenzeka kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Izifo eziphambili zengca yegalufa: ibala elimdaka, i-pythium, ukubola okupheleleyo, ibala leengqekembe, ibala lasehlotyeni, ibala elifileyo lasentwasahlobo, ibala elibomvu, ukubuna kwe-sickle, njl.
Izinto eziphambili ezibangela izifo
Izinto ezibangela izifo kwindawo yegalufa ziquka ubushushu, ukufuma, ukuchumisa, ukunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler, njl.njl., ezinokushwankathelwa zibe ziinkalo ezimbini: iimeko zemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto zokugcina nokulawula.
1. Izinto zemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo
Imekobume yemozulu yeyona nto ibangela izifo, apho ubushushu kunye nokufuma zezona zinto ziphambili ezilawulayo. Nasiphi na isifo sifuna ubushushu, ukufuma kunye neemeko zokukhanya ezifanelekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuzaleni kwaso. Xa ezi meko zilungileyo zisenzeka, iintsholongwane zisebenza kakhulu kwaye zinokukhula kwaye zizale ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela zonakalisa ingca. Phakathi kwazo, imozulu efumileyo yeyona meko ifanelekileyo yokukhuthaza izifo zefungus; ubushushu yeyona meko yesibini ebalulekileyo yokukhuthaza izifo.
Ukongeza kumaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma, ukufukama kwezityalo kukwayinto ebalulekileyo ekubangeleni izifo zengca. Ukukhanya okuncinci kwexesha elide kunceda ekusetyenzisweni kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ukufukama kwezityalo ixesha elide kunye neemeko zokufuma okuphezulu kuya kwenza izityalo zengca zithambe kwaye zibe namanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zisuleleke lula ziintsholongwane.
2. Ulawulo lolondolozoizinto
Ukungalandelwa kakuhle kwanoma yiyiphi na indlela yolawulo kuya kukhokelela kwizifo. Izinto zolawulo ezibangela izifo zengca ziquka ikakhulu: ukuthena, ukuchumisa, ukunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler, ukulima, njl. Phakathi kwazo, amanyathelo okunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler angafanelekanga kunye namanyathelo olawulo akhokelela ekutsaleni kwamanzi emhlabeni kakubi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangela izifo zengca.
Ukuthena okuncinci kakhulu nokuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela izifo ngokulula. Ngalo lonke ixesha uthena, iincam zamagqabi esityalo ziya kulimala, kwaye imithambo yamagqabi eyonzakeleyo inika amathuba okuba iintsholongwane zingene; ukunkcenkceshela okuncinci kwe-sprinkler kuya kugcina ingca ifumile rhoqo, kudala indawo yokuba ingca ikhule. Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kweentsholongwane kwaye kubangele izifo ngokulula; uninzi lwezifo zengca zinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwesichumiso se-nitrogen. Ukusebenzisa isichumiso se-nitrogen esininzi kwenza ingca ibe nkulu kwaye ibe nde, kwaye izityalo ziba thambile kwaye zibe namanzi, nto leyo ekhuthaza usulelo lwezifo; Ubukhulu obugqithisileyo bomhlaba wengca kunye nomoya ongangeni kakuhle kwandisa amathuba okuba kubekho izifo; ukufunxwa kwamanzi okunganeleyo komhlaba wengca akupheleli nje ekunyuseni umswakama womhlaba kwaye kukhuthaza ukusebenza kwezifo, kodwa kukwachaphazela ukukhula nophuhliso lwenkqubo yeengcambu zengca kwaye kunciphisa ukumelana nezifo kwengca.
Ubunzulu bolawulo lwengca kunye nenqanaba lolawulo olufunekayo yingca nazo zinxulumene nesifo. Ngokubanzi, ubukhali besifo buhambelana kakuhle nobunzima bolawulo olutyalwe kwingca. Okukhona ubukhali bolawulo bukhula, kokukhona amathuba okuba nesifo ayanda. Indawo yengca enesifo kakhulu kwibala lemidlalo luhlaza, kwaye imifuno eluhlaza erhubuluzayo inezifo ezininzi; eyesibini yi-tee, kuba ubukhali bolawulo obubekwe kwi-tee bukwindawo yesibini emva kweluhlaza; eyesithathu yingca ye-fairway, i-fairway. Ubukhali bolawulo kwibala legalufa buphantsi kunobo bebhokisi ye-tee, kodwa buphezulu kunobo bendawo yengca ephezulu; indawo yengca ephezulu yindawo yengca enezifo ezimbalwa kwibala lemidlalo, kuba inani lamaxesha okuthena, ukufakwa kwesichumiso, ukunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler, njl. kwindawo yengca ephezulu zincinci kunezinye iindawo zengca. Kuyabonakala ukuba ulawulo lwengca kunye nokuvela kwezifo kubonakala ngathi kukuphikisana okungenakulungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wethu ungqina ukuba ngolawulo olufanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula ngokwesayensi, oku kuphikisana kunokusonjululwa.
三. Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula ngokwesayensi
Ukuthintela nokulawula izifo zasebaleni kubhekisa kwindlela esebenzayo yokuthintela okanye ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhuselekileyo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukulawula uphuhliso lwezifo nokubuyisela ukukhula kwengca xa izifo ziqala ukubonakala. Izifo ze-turfgrass ziyingozi kwaye zixhaphakile kwiindawo ezininzi zegalufa kwilizwe lam, kwaye phantse zonke izibulali-zinambuzane zezolimo zisetyenziswa ekugcinweni nasekulawulweni. Nangona iinkundla zegalufa zishishini elifaka igalelo elikhulu nelivelisa iziphumo ezininzi, xa kuthelekiswa nokugcinwa kwengca, phantse zonke iinkundla zegalufa azityali mali yaneleyo. Kulawulo lwengca yegalufa, uninzi lweenkundla zegalufa zilinda de kubekho izifo zengca ezinzima ngaphambi kokuba kunyangwe. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kunzima ukuthenga iimveliso ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ingca yegalufa kwimarike, umphathi wesebe le-turf wazama zonke iindlela waza wachitha ixesha elininzi namandla ukukhetha iimveliso ezineziphumo ezikhethekileyo ezivela kwiizinambuzane zemveli. Isiphumo saba sisiqingatha sesiphumo esineziphumo eziphindwe kabini. Ingca yegalufa inemeko yayo ekhethekileyo yendalo kunye nobuthathaka bendalo. Kunye neempawu zokukhusela zemveliso, kunzima ukuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo lokunyanga kwingca enesifo. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela nonyango lwezifo zengca yegalufa kufuneka kusetyenziswe iimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezijoliswe kuzo. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho imveliso inokufumana iziphumo ezingcono, kwaye imveliso inokuqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukujongana neentsholongwane zesifo ezitshintsha rhoqo.
Amanqaku aphambili okuthintela nokulawula:
1. Ukuthintela yinto ephambili kwaye unyango lolona luphambili.
Kuthetha ukuba ekugcinweni nasekulawulweni kwemihla ngemihla, amanyathelo olawulo ahlukeneyo kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ixesha kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwenyathelo ngalinye kufuneka ziqondwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukuze kugcinwe ingca ikwimeko entle yokukhula kwaye kuncitshiswe amathuba okosulelwa zizifo. Okwesibini, thintela izifo ngokusebenzisa yonke imihla iimveliso zolawulo lwebhayoloji ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Musa ukulinda de kube sisifo sivele ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise amanyathelo okulungisa ukuthintela nokulawula izibulali-zinambuzane ezinobungozi nezinobungozi.
2. Emva kokuthena, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukutshiza okuthintelweyo ukuthintela nokunyanga usulelo lweentsholongwane.
3. Ukuchumisa ngokwesayensi kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo.
4. Ukuthena ngendlela echanekileyo nengokwenzululwazi.
5. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangoko.
6. Sebenzisa iimveliso zobungcali zokulawula izifo zebala legalufa
Ixesha leposi: Juni-25-2024