Amanqanaba engca kunye nemigangatho yokugcinwa kwayo

Imigangatho yokuhlela ingca

1. Ingca ekhethekileyo: Ixesha eliluhlaza liziintsuku ezingama-360 ngonyaka. Ingca ithe tyaba kwaye ukuphakama kwayo kulawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-25mm. Yeyokubukela kuphela.​

2. Ingca yebanga lokuqala: ixesha eliluhlaza lingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-340, ingca ithe tyaba, kwaye ingca ingaphantsi kwe-40mm, ukuze ibukelwe kwaye isetyenziswe kusapho.

3. Ingca yesibini: Ixesha eliluhlaza lingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-320, ingca ithe tyaba okanye inomthambeka othambileyo, kwaye isiqu singaphantsi kwama-60mm, sifanelekile ukuphumla esidlangalaleni kunye nokunyathelwa kancinci.

4. Ingca yomgangatho wesithathu: ixesha eliluhlaza elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-300, ingca engaphantsi kwe-100mm, esetyenziselwa ukuphumla koluntu, igubungela intlango, ukhuseleko lwethambeka, njl.njl.

5. Ingca yenqanaba lesi-4: Akukho mda kwixesha eliluhlaza, kwaye iimfuno zokuphakama kweengca azingqongqo. Isetyenziselwa ukugubungela iinduli ezingenanto kunye nokukhusela amathambeka, njl.njl.

Ukugcinwa kwengca

1. Ukuthena

Ukuze ingca ihlale ithambile kwaye igqibelele, ingca kufuneka ichetywe rhoqo. Ukukhula kakhulu kuya kubangela ukubola kweengcambu.

(1) Ukuxhaphaka kokusikwa kwengca

① Ingca ekhethekileyo kufuneka inqunyulwe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-5 ngexesha lokukhula kwentwasahlobo nehlobo, kwaye kube kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga ekwindla nasebusika kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokukhula.

② Ingca yebanga lokuqala kufuneka inqunyulwe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ngexesha lokukhula kwayo, kwaye kube kanye ngenyanga ekwindla nasebusika.

③ Ingca yesibini kufuneka inqunyulwe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-20 ngexesha lokukhula, kabini ekwindla, inganqunyulwa ebusika, kwaye kwakhona ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.

④Ingca yebanga lesi-3 kufuneka inqunyulwe kube kanye ngexesha lonyaka.

⑤Ingca yebanga lesine kufuneka isikwe kakuhle ngebrashi cutter kanye ebusika.

Ukukhethwa koomatshini

① Iingca ezikhethekileyo zinokunqunyulwa kuphela ngee-roller lawn mowers, iingca zebanga lokuqala nezebanga lesibini zinokunqunyulwa ngee-rotary cutters, iingca zebanga lesithathu zinokunqunyulwa ngoomatshini bomoya okanye ii-brush cutters, kwaye iingca zebanga lesine zinokunqunyulwa ngee-brush cutters. Zonke iingca kufuneka zinqunyulwe. Sebenzisa i-brush cutter ethambileyo okanye i-hand shears.​

② Ngaphambi kokusika utyani ngalunye, kufuneka kulinganiswe ubude bengca ekwingca, kwaye ubude bentloko yokusika bufanele bulinganiswe ngokwesixhobo esikhethiweyo. Ngokubanzi, kwingca ekhethekileyo ukuya kweyesibini, ubude bengca nganye ekwingca akufuneki budlule i-1/3 yobude bengca.​

Amanyathelo okucheba: a. Susa amatye, amasebe afileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka engceni.

b. Khetha icala elidibana necala langaphambili ubuncinane ngama-30° ukuze uphephe ukucheba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwicala elinye okubangela ukuba ingca ikhulele kwelinye icala.​c. Isantya akufuneki singxamiseke kwaye singacothi, kwaye indlela mayibe ngqo. Kufuneka kubekho ukudibana okumalunga ne-10cm kumphezulu wokusika kuhambo ngalunye lokujika.

d. Xa udibana nemiqobo, kufuneka uyijikeleze, kwaye imiphetho yengca engalinganiyo ejikeleze yona kufuneka inqunyulwe ecaleni kwegophe. Xa ujika, kufuneka unciphise i-throttle.

e. Ukuba ingca inde kakhulu, kufuneka inqunyulwe ngamanqanaba, kwaye ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo akuvumelekanga.​

f. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokusika iibrashi ukunqumla iikona, iingca ezikufutshane neendlela, kunye neengca eziphantsi kwemithi. Izixhobo zokusika iibrashi azivumelekanga ukusetyenziswa xa kuthenwa iintyatyambo kunye nezihlahla ezincinci (ukuthintela ukonakalisa iintyatyambo nemithi ngengozi). Ezi ndawo mazinqunyulwe ngezikere zesandla. umz. Emva kokusika, coca iziqwenga zengca uze uzifake kwiingxowa, coca indawo, kwaye ucoce oomatshini.​

(3)Ukusika ingcaimigangatho yomgangatho

①Emva kokuba amagqabi esikiwe, isiphumo siphela siya kuba bushelelezi, kungekho mingxunya icacileyo kunye nokusikwa okuphosiweyo, kwaye imiphetho esikiweyo iya kuba mdaka.

② Sebenzisa izikere zesandla ezifana nezebrashi ukuze ulungise imiqobo ekwimiphetho yemithi, ngaphandle kweempawu ezicacileyo zokusikwa okulahlekileyo. Akukho zimpawu zicacileyo zokungqubana phakathi kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokujika.

④Coca indawo icocekile, ungashiyi mingxunya okanye inkunkuma ngasemva. ⑤Umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle: 200~300㎡/h kumatshini omnye.

2. Fafaza amanzi

① Ingca yebanga elikhethekileyo, yebanga lokuqala, kunye neyebanga lesibini kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe kube kanye ngemini ngexesha lokukhula kwehlobo nasekwindla, kwaye kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki ekwindla nasebusika kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu.

②Ingca ekumgangatho wesithathu kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe ngokweemeko zemozulu, kwaye umgaqo kukuphepha ukoma ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi. ③Ingca ekumgangatho wesine ixhomekeke kakhulu kumanzi avela esibhakabhakeni.

3. Ukususwa kokhula

Ukukhuhla ukhula ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwengca. Ukhula lunamandla ngakumbi kunengca etyaliweyo. Kufuneka lucocwe kwangethuba, kungenjalo luya kufunxa izondlo zomhlaba kwaye luthintele ukukhula kwengca etyaliweyo.

(1) Ukukhuhla ukhula ngesandla

① Ngokubanzi, inani elincinci lokhula okanye ukhula olukhula ngendlela enganyangwa ngamayeza okubulala ukhula lususwa ngesandla. ② Ukhula olukhula ngesandla lwahlulwe lwaba ziindawo, izilayi, kunye neebhloko, kwaye umsebenzi wokhula ugqitywa ngabasebenzi abamiselweyo, ubungakanani, kunye nexesha. ③Umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kwindawo yokuqubha, kwaye ukuhlala phantsi okanye ukugoba ukukhangela ukhula akuvumelekanga. ④Sebenzisa izixhobo ezincedisayo ukutsala ingca kunye neengcambu zengca. Musa ukususa kuphela inxalenye engaphezulu komhlaba yokhula. ⑤Ukhula olukhutshiweyo kufuneka lubekwe kwisitya senkunkuma ngexesha kwaye akufuneki lushiywe lulele. ⑥Ukhula kufuneka lugqitywe ngokulandelelana ngebhloko, isilayi kunye nendawo.

(2) Ukususa ukhula kwimithi yokubulala ukhula

① Sebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezikhethekileyo ukulawula ukhula olunobungozi olusasazekileyo.

② Kufuneka yenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo sengcali yezityalo, kwaye i-herbicide kufuneka ikhutshwe yingcali yezityalo okanye ingcali, kwaye i-herbicide kufuneka ikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo ngemvume yomphathi wolondolozo lwezityalo. ③Xa utshiza i-herbicide, gcina i-spray gun phantsi ukuze uthintele ukuba inkungu ingakhukuli kwezinye izityalo.

④ Emva kokutshiza i-herbicide, i-spray gun, i-barrel, umatshini, njl. kufuneka icocwe kakuhle, kwaye i-sprayer mayipompelwe ngamanzi acocekileyo imizuzu embalwa. Musa ukugalela amanzi ahlanjiweyo apho kukho izityalo. ⑤ I-herbicide ayivumelekanga kufutshane neentyatyambo, izihlahla, kunye nezithole, kwaye i-biocidal herbicides ayivumelekanga kuyo nayiphi na ingca.

⑥ Gcina iirekhodi emva kokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala ukhula.

(3) Imigangatho yomgangatho wokulawula ukhula

① Akukho khula lungaphezulu kakhulu kune-15cm kwiingca ezikumgangatho wesi-3 nangaphezulu, kwaye inani lokhula oluyi-15cm ukuphakama aliyi kudlula imithi emi-5/㎡.

②Akukho khula lucacileyo olunamagqabi abanzi kwingca yonke.

Akukho khula ludubule kulo lonke ingca.

4. Ukuchumisa

Isichumisi masisetyenziswe kancinci kwaye rhoqo ukuze ingca ikhule ngokulinganayo. (1) Isichumisi

① Izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezinyibilikayo ngokukhawuleza nezinyibilikayo kancinci, ezizezona zichumisi ziphambili zengca. Izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo ezinyibilikayo ngokukhawuleza zinyibilika emanzini zize zitshizwe. Izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo ezinyibilikayo kancinci zihlala zitshizwa ngqo zomile. Nangona kunjalo, ukutsha kwendawo kudla ngokuvela xa kusetyenziswa izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo ezinyibilikayo kancinci, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingca ezineemfuno eziphantsi.

②I-Urea. I-Urea sisichumisi se-nitrogen esisebenza kakuhle kwaye sidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ingca ihlale iluhlaza. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwesichumisi se-nitrogen kwiingca kuya kubangela ukuba izityalo zilahlekelwe kukumelana nezifo kwaye zosuleleke. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwesichumisi se-nitrogen kunokubangela ukutsha ngokulula, ngoko ke akucetyiswa ukuba siyisebenzise rhoqo.

③ IKuailumei sisichumiso senitrogen engamanzi esineziphumo ezifanayo ne-urea.

④Isichumiso esidityanisiweyo esisebenza ixesha elide sisichumiso esiqinileyo esineenxalenye ezininzi, esineempawu zesiphumo sesichumiso sexesha elide kunye nesiphumo esihle. Ngokubanzi, akuyi kubakho nto itshayo, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.

(2) Imigaqo yokukhetha isichumiso

Kwingca ezikumgangatho wokuqala nangaphezulu, sebenzisa izichumisi ezixutyiweyo ngokukhawuleza, ubuhle obuluhlaza ngokukhawuleza kunye nezichumisi ezisebenza ixesha elide. Kwingca ezikumgangatho wesibini nowesithathu, sebenzisa izichumisi ezixutyiweyo ezicothayo. Kwingca ezikumgangatho wesine, akukho manyolo.

(3) Indlela yokuchumisa

① Emva kokunyibilikisa isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo esikhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo lwe-0.5% usebenzisa indlela yokuhlamba ngamanzi, sitshize ngokulinganayo ngesitshizi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumlinganiselo wesichumisi we-80㎡/kg. ②Emva kokuxuba iKuailvmei ngokwezinga elichaziweyo kunye nomlinganiselo, sitshize ngesitshizi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

③ Sasaza isichumisi esisebenza ixesha elide ngokulinganayo ngesandla ngokwemiyalelo, uze utshize amanzi kanye ngaphambi nasemva kokuchumisa.

④ Sasaza isichumiso esinyibilikayo kancinci ngokulinganayo kwi-dosage ye-20g/㎡.

⑤ Sebenzisa i-urea kumlinganiselo we-0.5%, uyixube ngamanzi, uze uyitshize ngesixhobo sokutshiza esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

⑥ Ukuchumisa kwenziwa kwiindawo ezisemacaleni, kwiindawo ezivulekileyo nakwiindawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafana.

(4) Umjikelo wokuchumisa

①Umjikelo wokuchumisa izichumisi osebenza ixesha elide umiselwa ngokwemiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi.

② Kwingca ezikumgangatho okhethekileyo kunye nezomgangatho wokuqala ezingasebenzisi izichumisi ezisebenza ixesha elide, sebenzisa isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo ngokukhawuleza kanye ngenyanga.

③ I-Kuailvmei kunye ne-urea zisetyenziselwa kuphela ukuleqana okuluhlaza ngexesha leeminyhadala emikhulu kunye nokuhlolwa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngamanye amaxesha.

④ Faka isichumisi esinyibilikisa kancinci kwiingca ezikumgangatho wesibini nowesithathu rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3.

5. Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo

Nika ingqalelo ekuthintelweni nasekulawulweni kwezinambuzane nezifo, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okuzilawula ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke ngokweendlela ezenzeka ngazo.

① Izifo eziqhelekileyo zengca ziquka amabala amagqabi, ukubola, ukubola, umhlwa, njl. Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo zengca ziquka iigrub, ii-mole crickets, ii-cutworms, njl.

② Ukuthintela izifo zengca kunye nezinambuzane eziyingozi kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili. Kwingca ezikumgangatho ophezulu nangaphezulu, izibulali-zinambuzane ezibanzi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zitshizwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukhetho lwamayeza luza kugqitywa yingcali yezityalo okanye ingcali. Kwingca ezikumgangatho wesibini, zitshize kube kanye ngenyanga. ③Kwizifo ezingalindelekanga kunye nezinambuzane eziyingozi, nokuba ingakanani na ingca, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zitshizwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka.

④ Iingca ezonakaliswe kakhulu ngenxa yezinambuzane nezifo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

6.Ukubhola ingca, ukunciphisa, kunye nokutshintsha

① Kwingca ezikumgangatho wesibini nangaphezulu, kufuneka kugqojozwe imingxunya kube kanye ngonyaka; kuxhomekeke ekukhuleni kotyani, ingca kufuneka incitshiswe kube kanye emva kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2; emva kokuba kwenziwe imisebenzi emikhulu, ingca kufuneka incitshiswe kancinci kwaye ihlanjwe.

② Ukuncitshiswa kwengca engaphelelanga: Sebenzisa iraki yesinyithi ukukhulula indawo enyathelweyo ukuya kubunzulu obuyi-5cm. Susa umhlaba orhawulweyo kunye nenkunkuma, faka isichumiso sokuphucula umhlaba kunye nesanti.

③ Ukugrumba okukhulu kunye nokulungisa ingca: Lungisa oomatshini, isanti, kunye nezixhobo. Okokuqala, sebenzisa umatshini wokusika ingca ukusika ingca kwakhona, sebenzisa umatshini wokulungisa ingca, sebenzisa ibhobo ukugrumba imingxuma, kwaye utshayele ngesandla okanye usebenzise umatshini wokusika ingca ojikelezayo. Susa udaka kunye nentsalela yengca, faka isichumiso sokuphucula umhlaba kunye nokuqhumisa isanti.

④ Ukuba kukho amabala anempandla okanye amabala afileyo anobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-10cm kwingca ekumgangatho wesibini okanye ngaphezulu, okanye ukuba ukhula olunobungozi lwendawo lungaphezulu kwe-50% yengca yengca kwaye alunakususwa ngamayeza okubulala ukhula, ingca yengca kuloo ndawo kufuneka itshintshwe kancinci.​

⑤ Iindawo zengca ezingaphezulu kwenqanaba lesibini ziyanyathelwa, nto leyo ebangela ukukhula okubi kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ziphuculwe ngokucocwa kwengca kwindawo leyo.

⑥ Kwingca zokuhombisa ezikumgangatho wesi-2 nangaphezulu ezibonakala zomile kwaye zimthubi ebusika, imbewu ye-ryegrass kufuneka ihlwayelwe rhoqo ngonyaka phakathi kuNovemba, ngomgangatho we-60 square metres/kg.