Ngokusekelwe kwindlela iintlobo zengca ezisabela ngayo kwiimeko zemozulu, ingakumbi ubushushu, iintlobo zengca yegalufa zahlulwe zaba ziintlobo zengca zexesha elifudumeleyo kunye neentlobo zengca zexesha elipholileyo. Uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lokukhula kweengcambu zengca zexesha elipholileyo (uluhlu lobushushu bomhlaba) yi-10-18 degrees Celsius, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lokukhula kwesiqu kunye namagqabi (uluhlu lobushushu bomoya) yi-16-24 degrees Celsius; kwingca yexesha elifudumeleyo, uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yeengcambu yi-25-29 degrees Celsius, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu bomoya yi-27-35 degrees Celsius.
Ingca yexesha lokupholisa: Uninzi lwexesha lokukhula kwengca yexesha lokupholisa ligxile kwixesha lokupholisa lonyaka, oko kukuthi, emazantsi ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo; emantla entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ingca yexesha lokupholisa ibandakanya: igobile, i-bluegrass, i-rye kunye ne-fescue
Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo: Ixesha lokukhula kwengca yexesha elifudumeleyo ligxile kwiinyanga ezishushu zonyaka, ezisekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kwekwindla emazantsi nakwindawo yotshintsho. Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo ibandakanya ingca yaseBermuda, iZoysia kunye neSeashore Paspalum. Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo kwibala legalufa idla ngokudityaniswa nengca yexesha elipholileyo ukuze igcine umbala wayo ebusika. I-rye kunye nezinye iintlobo zengca yasekuqaleni zikhetho.
Imbewu yengca yasekuqaleni: Ingca yokuqala esetyenziswa kwiamabala egalufaZonke zaziziingca zedlelo ezazikho kwindawo leyo, kwaye ingca yokuqala etyalwe kwiindawo zegalufa yayikwayingca yedlelo yasekuhlaleni. Ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1930, iindawo zegalufa ezakhiwe kumantla eMelika zazisebenzisa ingca exutyiweyo njengengca yegolf. I-mixed bent yayine-80% ye-COLONIAL bent, i-10% ye-VELVET bent kunye ne-CREEPING bent encinci. ENew England, i-VELVET bent yayisetyenziselwa imifuno eluhlaza. Ezi mbewu zengca zazizizityalo ezingumama zokulima imbewu yengca yegolf kwixesha elizayo.
Ngo-1916, izazinzulu ezininzi ezivela kwiSebe lezoLimo lase-United States (i-USDA) zaseka umbutho obizwa ngokuba yi-Arlington Lawn Garden, owawuzinikele ekuvavanyeni nasekuveliseni imbewu yengca efanelekileyo yemifuno eluhlaza. Ngo-1921, baqala intsebenziswano yorhwebo ne-USDA ukuseka ngokusesikweni i-United States Golf Association (USGA) yokwandisa uphando ngembewu yengca. Bakhangela ingca esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo, njengokuthungwa kakuhle kwamagqabi, umbala, ubuninzi kunye nokumelana nezifo, baza bayityala kwindawo yokugcina izityalo yase-Arlington Lawn Garden. I-USGA yasebenzisa unobumba u-C ukuyibhala inombolo ukuze ilinywe. Ngo-1927, iSebe lezoLimo lase-US labhengeza ukuba liyila ingca eluhlaza engcono kakhulu - ingca erhubuluzayo egobileyo. Besebenzisa obu buchwepheshe bokuzala obungenasondo, imifuno emininzi igqunywe ziimpahla eziluhlaza, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ikhuliswa ngendlela engaxutywanga nesondo, ukuxhathisa kwayo izifo kunye nezinambuzane akunakuphuculwa.
Ingca egobileyo ehlwayelwe imbewu: Oososayensi baqala ukufunda ePennsylvania ngo-1940 ukuze bazame ukufumana ingca egobileyo ehlwayelwe imbewu efanayo nezinzileyo. Emva kweminyaka eli-9 yokusebenza nzima, balima ingca egobileyo ehlwayelwe imbewu ebizwa ngokuba yiPENNCROSS, eyaqaliswa ngo-1954 yaza yaqala ukuthatha indawo yengca eluhlaza yangaphambili. Ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1990, iPENNCROSS yayiyeyona ngca iluhlaza idumileyo. Nangona kuye kwaqaliswa iintlobo ezintsha, iPENNCROSS isasetyenziswa kakhulu nanamhlanje.
Uphando lwembewu yengca yasePennsylvania lusaqhubeka. Phantsi kolwalathiso lukaGqr. Joe Duwick, iPENNEAGLE bent yaqaliswa ngo-1978 kwaye iPENNLINKS bent yaqaliswa ngo-1986. Ukususela ngo-1980 ukuya ku-1990, uphando malunga ne-bent lwalugxile kakhulu kwindlela yokulima iintlobo ezinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuze zandise ukuguquguquka kwazo. Ngophando olwenziwe eTexas yi-USGA, iintlobo ezintsha ze-bent i-CATO kunye ne-CRENSHAW zaqaliswa. Kwangaxeshanye, uphando lukaJoe Duwick wasePennsylvania lugxile kwindlela yokuphucula ukunyamezela kwe-bent xa icheba kancinci. Imizamo yakhe yakhokelela ekuqalisweni kothotho lwe-bent A kunye ne-G. Ezinye iinkampani zembewu yengca nazo zaqalisa iintlobo ezintle ezifana nezi: SR1020, L-93, PROVIDENCE, BACKSPIN, IMPERIAL, njl. Ezinye iingca ezithwala imbewu: I-Kentucky bluegrass kunye ne-perennial ryegrass ziye zakhuliswa kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 edlulileyo, zigxile ekulimeni ii-embryos ukuze kube lula ukukhetha iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zembewu yengca enelungelo lobunikazi ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo zembewu yengca, kuquka:
Ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo: Ingca yaseBermuda ifanelekile kwiindawo ezishushu, ezishushu nezisemazantsi ehlabathi; kwindawo yemozulu eguqukayo yase-United States, iZoysia isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zomda, kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan, eKorea naseTshayina; Ingca yaseBuffalo, ingca yendalo yaseGreat Plains eMntla Melika, ifanelekile kwingca ende kwiindawo ezinomswakama omncinci, ezomileyo nezingomiyo; I-Seashore Paspalum, ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo enyamezela ityuwa kakhulu, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezishushu nezishushu, kwaye iintlobo zayo eziphuculweyo zingasetyenziswa njengengca yee-terraces,imifuno eluhlaza kunye neendlela zokubonisa.
Ingca yaseBermuda kunye nee-hybrids zayo: Ingca yaseBermuda esetyenziswa kakhulu isenokuba yasasazwa ngabahloli bokuqala baseSpain. Ngo-1924, i-United States yaqalisa uhlobo lweBermuda i-ATLANTA, kwaye ngo-1938, i-U3. Kamva, xa umdlali wegalufa omkhulu uBobby Jones waya eYiputa ukuya kudlala igalufa, ngempazamo wazisa uhlobo olutsha lwengca yaseBermuda oluvela eYiputa, i-UGANDAGRASS. Ngaphambi ko-1950, kwakukho kuphela olu luhlu lweBermuda olwalunokukhethwa. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960, ingca yaseBermuda ngokubanzi yaba yingca ephambili yegalufa. Ngeminyaka yoo-1940, isazinzulu esivela kwiSebe lezoLimo lase-US, uGlen Burton, ngempazamo safumanisa ingca exineneyo, emfutshane, nesemgangathweni ophakathi kwintsimi yakhe yokutya kwidolophu yaseTifton, eGeorgia. Emva kokudityaniswa, wasungula iTifton 57 (TIFLAWN) ngo-1957. Le ngca ifanelekile kakhulu ukutyalwa kumabala emidlalo kodwa hayi kumabala aluhlaza kuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke uBurton waqhubeka nokufunda waza wafumanisa ukuba omnye usosayensi wayedibanise iTifton 57 yakhe neengcambu zezinja zasekuhlaleni eAfrika. Emva kokuphefumlelwa, wakhuthaza waza wafumana iingcambu ezininzi zezinja zasekuhlaleni kwiinkundla zegalufa zasemazantsi. Emva kwamakhulu eentlobo ezixutyiweyo, uBurton wasungula iTifton 127 (TIFFINE), iTifton 328 (TIFFGREEN) kunye neTifton 419 (TIFFWAY). IBermuda encinci (TIFDWARF) yazalwa ngomnye usosayensi ngokukhethwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwangoku kwe-328, kodwa yabhaliswa nguBurton ngo-1955.
Nanamhla oku, iTifton iseseyindawo enegunya lokuchongwa kwezityalo ezixutyiweyo zaseBermuda. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, omnye usosayensi, uHanna, usaqhuba uphando kwidolophu yaseTIFTON. Wasungula iEagle Grass kunye neTIFSPORT, zombini ezinezityalo ezivela eTshayina.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-09-2024