Amanqaku aphambiliukugcinwa kwengcazezi:
1. Ukhula kufuneka lususwe rhoqo kunyaka wokuqala.
2. Thena ngexesha. Thena xa ingca ikhula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4-10 cm ubude, kwaye ubungakanani bokuthena ngakunye akufuneki budlule isiqingatha sobude bengca. Ingca ngokubanzi igcinwa i-2-5 cm ukuphakama.
3. Izichumisi ezixutyiweyo zenitrogen, phosphorus kunye nepotassium kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhula. Ngokwesiqhelo, zisetyenziswa emva kokuthena nangaphambi kokunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler.
4. Ingca ayifanele isetyenziswe ngokugqithisileyo. Ixesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kwayo kufuneka lichazwe, kwaye ingca kufuneka ivulwe ukuze isetyenziswe rhoqo.
5. Nika ingqalelo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izifo zengca kunye nezinambuzane. Tyala kwakhona ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye utshintshe iindawo ezifileyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela ingca
Ukunkcenkceshela akugcini nje ngokugcina ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwengca, kodwa kukwaphucula ukuqina kweziqu namagqabi kwaye konyusa ukumelana nokunyathelwa kwengca.
1. Ixesha lonyaka: Ukunkcenkceshela ingca kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo xa umphunga ungaphezulu kunemvula. Ebusika, emva kokuba umhlaba wengca ukhenkcezisiwe, akufuneki kunkcenkceshelwe.
2. Ixesha: Ngokweemeko zemozulu, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunkcenkceshela kuxa kukho umoya ovuthuzayo, nto leyo enokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka komphunga kwaye incede amagqabi ome. Ngosuku, ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kusasa nangokuhlwa zezona zihlandlo zilungileyo zokunkcenkceshela. Nangona kunjalo, ukunkcenkceshela ebusuku akulungele ukomisa ingca kwaye kulula ukubangela izifo.
3. Ubungakanani bamanzi: Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha elomileyo lexesha lokukhula kwengca, ukuze ingca ihlale iluhlaza, kufuneka amanzi angama-3 ukuya kwi-4 cm ngeveki. Phantsi kweemeko ezishushu nezomileyo, ingca ekhula ngamandla kufuneka yongeze amanzi angama-6 cm nangaphezulu ngeveki. Ubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo buxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela umhlaba okhula ngayo.
4. Indlela: Ukunkcenkceshela kungenziwa ngokunkcenkceshela ngokutshiza, ukunkcenkceshela ngokuthontsiza, ukukhukula ngamanzi nezinye iindlela. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yolondolozo kunye nolawulo kunye neemeko zezixhobo. Ukuze ingca yengca igcinwe ngaphambi kokuba iyeke ukukhula ekwindla nangaphambi kokuba ibe luhlaza entwasahlobo, kufuneka iniselwe kube kanye nganye nganye. Kufuneka iniselwe ngokwaneleyo kwaye kakuhle, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwingca yengca ukuba ihlale ixesha elide ebusika kwaye ibe luhlaza.
Ukuthintela nokulawula izifo
Ulwahlulo lwezifo zengca yotshani Ngokweentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, izifo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: izifo ezingosuleliyo kunye nezifo ezisulelayo. Izifo ezingosuleliyo zenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezikwingca yotshani nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezifana nokukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwembewu yengca, ukungabikho kwezondlo emhlabeni ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwengca yotshani, ukungalingani kwezinto zezondlo, umhlaba owomileyo kakhulu okanye omanzi kakhulu, ungcoliseko lwendalo, njl. Olu hlobo lwesifo alusuleliyo. Izifo ezisulelayo zibangelwa yifungi, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, ii-nematodes, njl. Olu hlobo lwesifo lusulela kakhulu, kwaye iimeko ezintathu ezifunekayo ukuze sivele zezi: izityalo ezisengozini, izifo ezisulelayo kakhulu, kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zendalo.
Iindlela zokuthintela nokulawula zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Susa imithombo ephambili yosulelo lwezifo. Umhlaba, imbewu, izithole, izityalo ezinesifo emasimini, iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo kunye nezichumisi ezingafakwanga umgquba zezona ndawo ziphambili apho uninzi lwezifo luhlala khona ebusika nasehlotyeni. Ke ngoko, ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni (ukubulala iintsholongwane okuqhelekileyo kwe-formalin, oko kukuthi, i-formalin: amanzi = 1:40, umlinganiselo womphezulu womhlaba yi-10-15 ilitha/imitha yesikwere okanye i-formalin: amanzi = 1:50, umlinganiselo womphezulu womhlaba yi-20-25 ilitha/imitha yesikwere), unyango lwezithole (kubandakanya ukuvalelwa kwembewu kunye nezithole kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane; indlela yokubulala iintsholongwane esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiingca zezi: manzisa imbewu kwi-1%-2% ye-formalin dilution imizuzu engama-20-60, uyikhuphe emva kokuyifunxa, uyihlambe, uyomise kwaye uyihlwayele.) kwaye ususe ngokukhawuleza iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo kunye namanye amanyathelo okulawula.
(2) Ulawulo lwezolimo: Ingca efanelekileyo yomhlaba ofanelekileyo, ingakumbi ukukhetha iintlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukususa ukhula ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuhlakula nzulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nesichumisi esicolekileyo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lwezityalo ezinesifo kunye neendawo ezinezifo, kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nesichumisi.
(3) Ulawulo lweekhemikhali: ukutshiza izibulali zinambuzane ukuze kulawulwe. Kwiindawo ngokubanzi, tshiza isixa esifanelekileyo sesicombululo sezibulali zinambuzane kanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba iingca ezahlukeneyo zingene kwixesha lokukhula ngamandla, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba ingca yengca ibe nesifo, uze utshize kanye kwiiveki ezimbini, uze utshize izihlandlo ezi-3-4 ngokulandelelana. Oku kunokuthintela ukwenzeka kwezifo ezahlukeneyo zefungus okanye iibhaktheriya. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zifuna izibulali zinambuzane ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo kuxinzelelo lwezibulali zinambuzane, ixesha kunye nenani lokutshiza, kunye nobungakanani bokutshiza. Ngokubanzi, isiphumo sokutshiza singcono xa amagqabi engca yengca egcinwa omile. Inani lokutshiza limiselwa kakhulu bubude besiphumo esiseleyo sesibulali zinambuzane, ngokubanzi kube kanye kwiintsuku ezi-7-10, kwaye isitshizi esipheleleyo esi-2-5 sanele. Ukutshiza kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe emva kwemvula. Ukongeza, izibulali zinambuzane ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zixutywe okanye zisetyenziswe ngokwahlukana kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuthintelwe uphuhliso lokumelana nezibulali zinambuzane.
Abalawuli berhorho
1. Izizathu eziphambili zokonakaliswa kwezinambuzane zengca: Umhlaba awunyangwa ngolawulo lwezinambuzane ngaphambi kokubaukutyala ingca(ukulima nzulu nokomisa umhlaba, ukumba nokuchola izinambuzane, ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni, njl.njl.); isichumiso sendalo esisetyenzisiweyo asikavuthwa; ukuthintela kwangethuba kunye nokulawula akufikeleli ngexesha okanye amayeza asetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga okanye angasebenzi kakuhle, njl.njl.
2. Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane ezitya utyani
(1) Ulawulo lwezolimo: umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nengca, ukulima nzulu nokomisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, ukumba nokuchola izinambuzane, ukusebenzisa isichumiso sendalo esibolileyo ngokupheleleyo, ulawulo lokunkcenkceshela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, njl.
(2) Ulawulo olusebenzayo nolwezandla: ukubamba kancinci, ukubulala ngokudibanisa izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nomhlaba onetyhefu, ukubanjwa ngesandla, njl.njl.
(3) Ulawulo lwebhayoloji: oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa iintshaba zendalo okanye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ukulawula. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezisebenzayo ukulawula iigrubs ikakhulu yi-green muscardine, kwaye isiphumo solawulo yi-90%.
(4) Ulawulo lweekhemikhali: Izibulali-zinambuzane ikakhulu ziikhompawundi ze-phosphorus eziphilayo. Ngokubanzi, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza ukusasazeka kwamayeza nokuthintela ukulahleka ngenxa yokubola kwe-photocomplex kunye nokuguquguquka; ukutshiza kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinambuzane ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Kodwa kwezinye izinambuzane, ezifana nezihluma ingca, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24-72 emva kokusetyenziswa. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo kukufaka imbewu, ityhefu okanye ukutshiza. La manyathelo angentla anokwanela umakhi wengca oqhelekileyo. Ukuba ingca ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukumelana kwayo kuya kukhula kakhulu.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-10-2025