Ebusika, umgangatho wolawulo lwengca eluhlaza uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wengca kunyaka olandelayo. Indlela yokwenza ingca eluhlaza ngokukhuselekileyo ebusika kunye nokubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sokutyala ingca entwasahlobo elandelayo yeyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwasebusika. Eli nqaku libonelela ngeengcebiso ezininzi zolawulo lwengca eluhlaza ebusika ukuze abafundi babhekisele kuzo.
Uphando kunye nenkqubela phambiliulawulo lwengcabenze inyathelo elikhulu ekugcinweni kweenkundla zegalufa. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuphucule ulawulo lweengca ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu kunangaphambili. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bunokubonelela "ngolawulo lwezinga" lokugcinwa kwaye bunokuphelisa iingxaki ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, izicwangciso zihlala zingakwazi ukuhambelana notshintsho. Akukho ngqiqweni ukuqonda zonke izinto ezifanelekileyo zenkundla yegalufa, ingakumbi kwiinkundla zegalufa ezikumantla eMelika ezihlushwa "kukwenzakala ebusika". Ngamanye amaxesha indalo iyasixelela ukuba sinolawulo olungakanani (kunokuthiwa luncinci kakhulu). Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, iinkundla ezininzi zegalufa emantla eMelika ziye zalahlekelwa kakhulu yingca ngenxa yonyango lomkhenkce nekhephu. Zihlala zisebenzisa ukubulala ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu obuphantsi, ukufuma okuphezulu okanye ukomisa umoya, kwaye ezinye zide zisebenzise iindlela "zokufunxa" ingca.
Nangona ulwazi oluthile lwezolimo lunokusetyenziswa ukuthintela izifo zengca ebusika, abaphathi abanalo ulawulo olupheleleyo. Into abaphathi bengca abanokuyenza kukulawula iinkalo ezithile zempilo yengca, ezinokuba ngamaqhinga okukhulisa ingca, ukutshintsha izicwangciso zokukhetha imbewu yengca, ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokukhusela izityalo, ukuphucula izibonelelo zokukhupha amanzi, ukutshintsha iipatheni zokukhupha amanzi kumphezulu, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukulungisa imeko yokukhula kwengca ngokutyala imithi ukuthintela ukuhamba komoya. Oku kulandelayo kuza kuxoxa ngamanyathelo asetyenziswayo ukunciphisa umonakalo kwingca ebusika.
A. Inkqubo yokuqinisa
Ekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, izityalo ziyamelana nokuqandisa kubushushu obuphantsi ngokongeza rhoqo uxinano olukhulu lweecarbohydrate kunye nezinye izongezo ezityebileyo kwizakhamzimba kwiiseli (kukho i-vacuole enkulu ephakathi kwiiseli zezityalo, equlethe amanzi amaninzi, ebanga ngaphezu kwe-85% yobunzima obutsha bomzimba wesityalo. Nje ukuba amanzi akwiseli aqande, aya kutshabalalisa isakhiwo seseli kwaye abangele ukufa kweeseli. Ke ngoko, ukuze uphile ngempumelelo ebusika, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuqandisa kwiseli. Enye indlela kukwenza iiswekile ezinyibilikayo kunye nee-amino acids ukuze kwandiswe i-solutes kwi-vacuole kwaye kwehliswe inqanaba lokuqandisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa inqanaba lokuqandisa ngale ndlela kunokusebenza ngaphezulu kwe--5°C kuphela: ngaphantsi kwe--5°C, kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwii-macromolecules ezifana neeproteni ukuze zisebenze). Ukuze izityalo zengca zifikelele ekuqineni ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka zidlule kwisigaba sokuqandisa ubuncinane inyanga enye, kodwa entwasahlobo, inkqubo yokuqina kwezityalo ichasene noko (ii-carbohydrates ezigcinwe kwiiseli zezicubu kufuneka zityiwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe luhlaza). Kwinkqubo yokunyibilika, iiseli ezonakeleyo ziphinda zibe sengozini yobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye izinto zazo zangaphakathi zichaphazeleka kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi. Ukuba iiseli zezicubu zengca yotshani ziyanyibilika kwaye zidibana nobushushu obuphantsi, iiseli ezinyibilikisiweyo ziya kuphinda zibe ngumkhenkce, kwaye ziphinde zinyibilike njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. Ukuba oku kuyaphindwa, ingca iya kulimala kakhulu. Uphando kunye nezifundo zifumanise ukuba iintlobo ze-bluegrass ezingaqinanga ziyasabela kutshintsho lobushushu. Iintlobo zengca ezingaqinanga zinokunyamezela ama-23-28 degrees Fahrenheit, ngelixa iintlobo zengca eziqinileyo ngokupheleleyo zinokuphila kuma-1-25 degrees Fahrenheit. Xa kuthelekiswa, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ubushushu obuphantsi obungangeni kubanda be-creeping bentgrass bunokufikelela kuma-40 degrees Fahrenheit.
I-Bluegrass inoku "nyibilika" ngokukhawuleza emva kweeyure ezingama-48 kumaqondo obushushu angama-45 degrees Fahrenheit. Kwiindawo ezithile zonxweme oluphakathi kweAtlantic, amaqondo obushushu adla ngokutshintshatshintsha ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Umzekelo, ubusika bokuqala bowama-2003-2004 yayilixesha elihle kakhulu lokuqina kwezityalo. Amaqondo obushushu kwindawo yasePittsburgh afikelele kuma-degrees angama-61 Fahrenheit ngoJanuwari 3, kwaye amaqondo obushushu ehla aye ngaphantsi kwe-zero emva kweentsuku ezi-7. Phantsi kokuguquguquka okunjalo kwamaqondo obushushu, nokuba ulungele kwaye uthatha amanyathelo okukhusela afanelekileyo, anokuba "lilize" ngephanyazo. Kwiindawo ezinotshintsho olungalindelekanga kumaqondo obushushu,ingca yotshanikufuneka bafunde nzulu indlela yokuphucula "amandla" otyani xa imozulu imbi, ingakumbi kwiintlobo zengca ekufuneka zidlule kwimijikelo yokuqina nokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-19-2024