Namhlanje siyaqhubeka nokwabelana ngeengcebiso malunga nolawulo lwezityalo eziluhlaza ebusika ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzisebenzisa.
E. Ulawulo lweMithi
Iintsuku ezimfutshane kunye namaqondo obushushu awela ekwindla anika ingca uphawu lokuba ubusika buyeza. Ukuze ingca ikwazi ukufunxa izondlo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kwelanga okwaneleyo kuyimfuneko. Ukufumaneka kokukhanya kubalulekile kwi-photosynthesis ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina: ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, i-photosynthesis incinci, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iingcambu zengca zibe nemveliso ephantsi, nto leyo enciphisa amandla okugcina amandla. Ukongeza, iimeko zomthunzi zinempembelelo enkulu kwinkqubo yokuqandisa nokuqina kwebusika, ingakumbi ukuqala kokubanda okukhulu. Ngexesha leenyanga ezibandayo, umzantsi we-United States unezinga lokukhanya eliphantsi, kwaye amandla akhanyayo anokusasazwa kwindawo enkulu. Impembelelo yokukhanya kombala iya kwanda kancinci ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqandisa nokuqina.
Vavanya ukukhanya kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zendlela (ingakumbi eziluhlaza) kwaye usebenzise kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga empuma nasezantsi kwezi ndawo. Imithi ingayitshintsha indlela ebukeka ngayo le ndlela, kodwa umgaqo akukokuthintela ukugcinwa kwendlela eqhelekileyo.
F. Ukukhupha amanzi
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umphezulu wengca umanzi kakuhle ngexesha lasebusika, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu basebusika. Iindawo ezisezantsi zendlela zinokuqokelela amanzi kwaye ziqine ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphezulu wengca umanzi okanye ubulawe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ukusebenza kakubi kokukhupha amanzi kumphezulu wengca kunye neendawo zokubeka ingca kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye uninziabaphathi bengcaiza kuyilungisa kwakhona le ndawo ukuze kuncitshiswe umonakalo wasebusika.
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa imela ye-divot ukukama ingca kunye nomhlaba ongaphantsi ojikeleze imifuno eluhlaza, ngenjongo yokwakha "idama" ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angaphumi. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi ludla ngokwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwekwindla okanye ekuqaleni kobusika, ukuze utshani bukwazi "ukufumana amandla" ngokukhawuleza xa inkundla ivula kunyaka olandelayo, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuba inkundla ingadlalwa njani. Olu tshintsho luncinci alubonakali kakhulu phakathi evekini, kodwa lubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lemvula yasebusuku okanye ngexesha lokukhenkceza nokunyibilika.
Abaphathi bengca baya kuthatha amanyathelo okubamba amanzi aluhlaza aphezulu emhlabeni (asengozini enkulu yokukhukuliseka ngamanzi omlambo okanye ukunyibilika kwekhephu ngenxa yamanzi agelezayo). Imijelo yokuthintela amanzi (kuquka imijelo yamanzi) inokuthintela ngempumelelo imvula okanye ukunyibilika kwekhephu kunye nomkhenkce. Ukubekwa kwemijelo yamanzi kubalulekile. Ngeenyanga ezibandayo, umhlaba uyakhenkcezwa, kwaye ukususa umjelo wokuthintela amanzi ngamatye kusenokungawafumani ngokupheleleyo amanzi agelezayo. Amanzi aseleyo aya kugeleza aye kuluhlaza, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wokufuma kwamanzi amaninzi. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana umjelo wamanzi kukuchitha ixesha ubukele ngononophelo ukuhamba kwamanzi ngeentsuku zemvula, uze emva koko uphuhlise iitheyibhile ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezifuna ukwandisa izibonelelo zokukhupha amanzi.
G. Ukungena komoya kunye nokuthambisa ngaphezulu
Ukugquma kakhulu (ukusebenzisa iingca ezimanzi okanye iminatha yomthunzi) kuya kunciphisa ukuphila kwengca ebusika. Umphezulu wesityalo kunye nezinye iindawo ezidibana nomhlaba azinakukwazi ukukhula phezulu phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo. Kwiindawo ezinomoya, ukugquma kakhulu kwengca (ngaphezulu kwe-intshi enye) kuya kubangela ukuba ingca iphele kwaye yonakalise ngqo umphezulu wengca kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Ukugquma kwengca kuya kungena xa ingca inyibilika, nto leyo eya kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okufuma okuphezulu. Ukulawula olu tshintsho, kufuneka unyango lokulima kunye nokulungisa ingca. Ngokwenethiwekhi yokwakha nokugcina igalufa yasekhaya, ukuchumisa ebusika kungenxa yobushushu obuphantsi, ukuzala okuncinci kweebhaktheriya, kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuncinci, nto leyo enciphisa nokulahleka kwesichumiso. Emva kokuchumisa ebusika, ubungakanani besichumiso esisetyenziswa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo lonyaka olandelayo bunokuncipha ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubungakanani besichumiso esisetyenziswayo unyaka wonke abuyi kutshintsha kakhulu, kwaye bunokunciphisa nezifo zengca zasehlotyeni. Ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezithile zokufaka isichumiso sasebusika: Xa ingca iqala ukuba tyheli ebusika, faka isichumiso esidityanisiweyo ngesantya se-15g/㎡ ngokulinganayo, usigqume ngesanti ebusika, uze usinkcenkceshele kakuhle kwakhona. Ukuba kuvela iikristale ezimhlophe kwincam yamagqabi ngosuku olulandelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isichumiso esisetyenzisiweyo sikhulu kakhulu. Ungayifumisa ngamanzi amancinci, uyirhuqe ngentambo etyebileyo, uze uyinkcenkceshele kwakhona. Emva kokunkcenkceshela, yima iintsuku ezi-5-7. Ukuba umhlaba ukhenkcezisiwe, akusekho mfuneko yokunkcenkceshela.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, abaphathi bengca bebesebenzisa isixa esikhulu se-topdressing engceni ekupheleni kwexesha lonyaka, nto leyo eyongeze uxinzelelo olukhulu engceni ukuze ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ngokwethiyori, ukukhula okuphezulu kwengca kuya kukhuselwa yindawo eyomileyo. Isizathu sengxaki kukukhukuliseka kwesanti, kwaye imvula yendalo inokuhlambulula isanti ecaleni kwengca. Ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwesichumiso esiphezulu, ingca kulula ukuyenza umphezulu wengca oqinileyo. Ukulungisa ingca kunika umphezulu oqinileyo wengca, ngoko ke iinyawo zabadlali begalufa azibonakali. Ukuphindaphinda kunye nobungakanani bokulungisa ingca kufuneka kusekelwe kwinqanaba elithile lokukhula kweentlobo zengca, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, iindawo zokukhula ezisebenzayo zezityalo kufuneka zikhuselwe.
Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, umsebenzi wokulungiselela ingca ebusika unxulumene nekomiti eluhlaza. Ukulungisa ingca ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunokubonelela ngesiphumo esincinci ekukhuseleni nasekuphuculeni ukutsalwa kwamanzi simahla kwenxalenye ephezulu yesakhiwo somhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, icebo elinjalo kufuneka libe nolungelelwano phakathi kokuzama ukukhusela ingca ekupheleni kwexesha lonyaka kunye nokubonelela ngokukwazi ukudlala. Abaphathi be-turf basebenzisa nesanti emnyama ukuthambisa ingca ukuze bancede ukulawula ubushushu obukufutshane nengca. Ngokuvuselela umphezulu womhlaba okufutshane ukuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu ukuzegcina ingcaukukhula, kufunyanwa iicarbohydrate ezingaphezulu, kwaye kwenziwa amalungiselelo aneleyo obusika.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-23-2024