U-Okthobha yikwindla epholileyo nepholileyo enomahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Ubushushu bufanelekile kusasa nangokuhlwa. Ingca yengca yexesha elipholileyo ingena kwincopho yesibini yokukhula konyaka. Umswakama womoya uphantsi ngeli xesha, nto leyo engayi kunceda ekuveleni nasekusasazekeni kwezifo. Kufuneka kwenziwe lo msebenzi ulandelayo wokulungisa:
一. Ukuphinda kutyalwe ingca. Izifo ezahlukeneyo ziyenzeka ngexesha lemvula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezinye iingca zife. Ukuphinda kutyalwe ingca kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphinda kutyalwe ingca;
1. Ukutyala iibhloko zengca. Sika ingca efileyo ibe ziingceba uze ubeke iibhloko zengca ezintsha. Ingongoma yobugcisa kukuba ii-turf rolls ezisandula ukufakwa kufuneka zidityaniswe nomhlaba. Emva kokuba iibhloko zengca efileyo zisusiwe, ukuzalisa umhlaba ngamanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze ingca ihlale iphila.
2. Ukutyala iingcambu zengca. Tyala iingcambu zengca ngezandla kwiindawo ezineempandla.
3. Ukuphinda uhlwayele imbewu. Khulula umhlaba okwingca efileyo uze uhlwayele imbewu yengca. Ukuba indawo enkulu yengca ityalwe kwakhona, izixhobo (imbewu, i-compactor) zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlwayela nokuxinanisa.
4. Ukuphinda kutyalwe iibhanti kufana nokuphinda kutyalwe imbewu, kodwa lumka ungawugqumi umhlaba kakhulu. Ngokomgaqo, umhlaba akufuneki udlule ubukhulu obuphindwe kabini kunembewu. Ncamathisela nge-spray encinci kwaye ungawuhlambi umhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba umanzi de kubeihlumela lengcakwaye iba ngqindilili.
二. Ukuchumisa Ikwindla lixesha lokukhula eliphezulu kwiingca zexesha elibandayo, kwaye iingca zexesha elifudumeleyo nazo zingandisa ixesha lazo eliluhlaza ngokuchumisa. Ukongeza izichumisi ze-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-potassium okanye ukusebenzisa izichumisi ze-compound ezikhutshwa kancinci kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokuhluma kweengca. Ukongeza izichumisi ze-nitrogen kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwengca kwaye kwandise ixesha eliluhlaza. Izichumisi ze-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium zinokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwezityalo kwaye ziphucule ukumelana kwazo nezifo, ukumelana nokubanda, kunye nokumelana nembalela. Ngokubanzi, kufakwa iikhilogram ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20 zezichumisi ze-compound kwi-mu, kwaye zisasazwa nge-fertilizer spreader. Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, izichumisi ze-organic kufuneka zongezwe ngokufanelekileyo (kufuneka zivundiswe ngokupheleleyo, kungenjalo ziya kubangela izinambuzane ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwingca ukuba ziyonakalise) ukuze kwandiswe ukuchuma komhlaba. Ubungakanani besichumisi esisetyenziswayo buxhomekeke ekuchumeni komhlaba, ngokubanzi ziikhilogram ezili-1,000 ukuya kwezi-2,000 kwi-mu, kwaye izichumisi ze-fertilizer zingasetyenziselwa ukuchumisa.
三. Ukuthena, ukubhoboza, kunye nokukama
1. Sebenzisa izithinteli zokukhula kwengca ukulawula ukukhula kwengca
Xa ubude bokukhula kwengca yexesha elibandayo buyi-10 cm kwaye ubude bengca yexesha elifudumeleyo buyi-20 cm, kufuneka zinqunyulwe. Ukuphakama kokunqunyulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kumalunga ne-4 ukuya kwi-6 cm, kwaye umgaqo we-1/3 kufuneka ulandelwe.
Ungasebenzisa izithinteli zokukhula kwengca. Sebenzisa iigram ezili-1000 ngebhegi nganye kunye neekhilogram ezingama-250-300 zamanzi ukutshiza kwindawo engama-5000-6000 square metres. Ukusetyenziswa kube kanye kunokulawula iintsuku ezingama-50-60. Ukutshiza kufuneka kufane, nto leyo enokunciphisa kakhulu inani lokucheba ingca. Ayigcini nje ngokucothisa ukukhula kwengca, kodwa ikwakhuthaza inkqubo yeengcambu zengca ukuba zikhule ziye ezantsi kwaye iphucula ukumelana kwengca.
2. Ukugrumba Emva kwexesha lokukhula, inkqubo yeengcambu zengca ixinene kwaye idibene, kwaye iindawo ezisezantsi zinokuba nokubola kweengcambu. Kufuneka isixhobo sokubhoboza umoya. Akunyanzelekanga ukugrumba nzulu kakhulu ngeli xesha lonyaka. Ubunzulu ngokubanzi bumalunga ne-4 cm. Sika ingca ngoko nangoko emva kokugrumba.
3. Ukukama ingca: Sebenzisa i-KASHINUmsiki weVertiumatshini wokukama ingca, nokucoca nokuthutha iziqwenga zengca ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye uzilahle kakuhle kwindawo leyo.
四. Ukunkcenkceshela. Imvula iyancipha ngeli xesha lonyaka, ngoko ke ukunkcenkceshela ingca kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiingca zexesha elibandayo, ezibuthathaka kakhulu emanzini. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi okuncinci kunokubangela ukuba kube tyheli, kome, kunye ne-alopecia. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekunkcenkcesheleni nasekunkcenkcesheleni nge-sprinkler, kwaye iindawo ezingaboniyo zokunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler kufuneka zizaliswe kwakhona ngexesha.
五. Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo. Izinambuzane ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezitshalweni ziye zakhula ukusuka kumaqanda ukuya kwiimbungu emva kwexesha lemvula, zonakalisa iingcambu zengca, zibangela ukuba ingca yengca itshintshe umbala, ibune, kwaye ife. Njengoko ubushushu busiya buhla, izifo ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphinda zanda, kwaye izitshizi kunye nezitshizi eziphantsi kakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukutshiza nokuthintela.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-18-2024