Ukugcinwa emvaukwakhiwa kwengcaifuna ukhathalelo olungakumbi
Izinto ezahlukeneyo ekwakhiweni kwebala lebhola ekhatywayo zithintelwe macala omabini. Emva kokuba limiselwe, lifuna ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kweengcali.
Isithuba sokuvula sinceda ekuphuculeni ukukhula kwengca yengca ngexesha lokupholisa
Ukunyathelwa ngamandla kwebhola ekhatywayo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuxinana komhlaba, ukuncipha komoya emhlabeni kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuthintele ukukhula nophuhliso lwengca yotshani. Ke ngoko, ukulawula ukuxinana komhlaba kubalulekile kwiingca zebhola ekhatywayo.
Ukubhoboza imingxunya yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokungenisa umoya ukusombulula ingxaki yokuxinana komhlaba kwingca yebhola ekhatywayo. Ingalawula umaleko wengca, isuse ukuqhekeka komhlaba okunokubangelwa yingca eqengqelekayo, kwaye yonyuse uxinano lwengca kunye nokuvuleka komhlaba.
Kodwa kwiingca zexesha elipholileyo, iingcambu zengca ye-turf emngxunyeni ziya kwanda, ngelixa iingcambu emhlabeni ojikeleze umngxunya ziya kuncipha ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ingcaciso: “Okwangoku, ezinye iingcali zifumanise ukuba ukubhola kunempembelelo enkulu kwiingca zexesha elipholileyo kunengca zexesha elifudumeleyo ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokudlala kwengca. Ukubhola kuchaphazela iimpawu zomzimba zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwengca ye-turf, ingakumbi ukukhula kweengcambu. Izigqibo ezahlukeneyo zibangelwa kukwahluka kwezixhobo zokubhola, iintlobo zomhlaba kunye neentlobo zengca ye-turf.” Ukongeza kwimingxunya yokubhola, ukubhoboza nokuqhekeza ingca kukwayindlela eqhelekileyo yokungenisa umoya kunye nokugcina.
Izichumisi ezahlukeneyo, iziphumo ezahlukeneyo
Ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kwengca, ukuchumisa kubalulekile ekuphuculeni amandla okuxhathisa kunye nokubuyisela amandla engca yebhola ekhatywayo.
Ukuchumisa kulula ukungayinaki, ingakumbi isichumiso se-N. Ukusebenzisa i-N eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunganyamezeli nokuxhathisa kwengca, kwaye kuya kubangela lula ukubakho kwezifo zengca. Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwesichumiso se-N kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwengca ye-turfgrass, njengeziqu ze-succulent kunye nezicubu zamagqabi, ukuncipha kwezondlo ezigciniweyo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendonga zeeseli.
Ngoko ke, iingca zexesha elipholileyo kufuneka zihlale zinyamezela kwaye zixhathisa ukunyathelwa kwazo. Isixa esifanelekileyo sesichumiso se-N yi-200–300kg/(hm2.a). Iingca zexesha elifudumeleyo zilungele kakhulu ukusebenzisa isichumiso se-N inyanga nenyanga ngexesha lokukhula kwazo. yi-48.9kg/hm2.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezichumisi zinefuthe elahlukileyo ekuchaseni ingca. Uphando lwangoku lufumanise ukuba ubomi benkonzo yengca yebermudagrass bunokwandiswa ngokusebenzisa isichumiso se-K. Ngaphambi kokuba ingca ingene ebusika, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwesichumiso se-N kuya kubangela umonakalo kwingca. Ngeli xesha, ukwandisa isichumiso se-K kuya kunciphisa umonakalo kwingca obangelwa sisichumiso se-N.
Umhlaba ofakwe ngaphezulu ulawula ngokufanelekileyo umaleko wengca
Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokulawula umaleko wengca kwingca yebhola ekhatywayo kukufaka umhlaba phezulu. Ukuba umaleko wengca kumphezulu wengca yebhola ekhatywayo utyebile kakhulu, uya kubangela ukuba amanzi aqokeleleke kumphezulu ixesha elide. Ekubeni ukungena kwezichumisi nezinye izinto kuthintelwe, ubunzima bomphezulu kunye nokungqubana kwentsimi kuya kuncipha.
Umhlaba ofakwe ngaphezulu udla ngokwenziwa emva kokugrumba, kwaye umphezulu wengca kufuneka ulinganiswe ngereki emva kokugrumba. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo komhlaba kunokuphucula kancinci kancinci ukungenela komhlaba kwaye kuthintele ukwakheka komaleko owomileyo. Kukwaluncedo ekubuyiselweni kwengca eyonakeleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwebala lebhola ekhatywayo.
Umhlaba ofakwe ngaphezulu usetyenziswa rhoqo ukutshintsha umthambeka webhedi yentsimi. Emva kwexesha elide lokusetyenziswa, umphezulu webala legalufa ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuvelisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuxinana. Le meko inokuphuculwa yimihlaba emininzi efakwe ngaphezulu.
Ukusika kunyeukuqengqeleka
Ukuthena kungandisa uxinano lwengca kunye nokuguda komphezulu wengca, kodwa inkqubo yeengcambu zengca iya kuchaphazeleka kwinqanaba elithile. Ukugcina ubude obahlukeneyo bokusika ukhula kuya kuba nefuthe elahlukileyo kwiimpawu zengca. Wathi: “Xa ubude bokusika ukhula butshintsha ukusuka kwi-2.5 ukuya kwi-5.0cm, xa ukuphakama kokusika ukhula kwehla nge-0.6cm, ukuphakama kokubuyela umva komphezulu wenkundla kuya kwanda nge-1.75cm.”
Eyona mpembelelo iphambili yokucheba rhoqo kumgama oqengqelekayo kunye nokuphakama kwebhola ekhatywayo. Impembelelo yayo yenzeka kuphela xa ukuphakama okutsha kwengca yengca kudlula i-0.3cm phakathi kokucheba kabini. Ngaphandle koko, impembelelo yayo kumgangatho wemidlalo yengca ayibalulekanga.
Ukuqengqeleka ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka emva kokucheba, okunokunciphisa ukungqubana kumphezulu wengca kwaye kwandise umgama wokuqengqeleka kunye nesantya sebhola. Impembelelo yokuqengqeleka kwibala lebhola iyafana neyeembaleki. Ke ngoko, kugxininiswa ukuba ixesha lokuqengqeleka kunye nobunzima berola kufuneka buqwalaselwe, kungenjalo ukuqengqeleka kunokuba nempembelelo embi kwingca. ST. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa irola egudileyo engama-454kg ukuqengqeleka ingca enobude bokucheba obuyi-2.9cm kabini. Umgama wokuqengqeleka komphezulu uya kwanda nge-1.4m kwaye ukuphakama kokujijeka komphezulu kuya kwanda nge-5cm.
Nangona ukuqengqeleka kunokunyusa ukuguda komphezulu wenkundla, ukusebenza ngendlela engafanelekanga kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugquma kwengca kunye nokungqubana komphezulu.
Ukongeza kwizakhono zokugcina ingca, sikwakhathalela nokuba abasebenzi bokugcina ingca banyanisekile na kwaye bayayinyamekela kakuhle na ingca. Ulondolozo lwesayensi lusekelwe kuthotho lwetekhnoloji. Umnakekeli kufuneka adlale indima kamama, aqonde ngokucacileyo amandla nobuthathaka bomntwana, aze asebenzise amandla kwaye aphephe ubuthathaka ukumfundisa ukuba akhule. Ukugcinwa kwengca lulwazi nje lwethiyori. Enyanisweni, kufuneka wenze ulondolozo lwesayensi olusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni kunye neempawu zengca yakho.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-20-2024