Imigaqo yokugcinwa kwengca yile: iyafana, icocekile kwaye ayinangcoliseko, kwaye ihlala iluhlaza unyaka wonke. Ngokweenkcukacha, phantsi kweemeko zolawulo oluqhelekileyo, ingca eluhlaza inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane ngokwexesha lokutyala. Elokuqala kukutyalwa ukuya kwinqanaba elipheleleyo, elibhekiselele ekutyalweni kokuqala kwengca kunye nenqanaba lokutyala ukuya kunyaka omnye okanye ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo (100% kugcwele ngaphandle kwendawo evulekileyo), elikwabizwa ngokuba linqanaba elipheleleyo. Elesibini linqanaba lokukhula okuchumayo, elibhekiselele kwiminyaka emi-2-5 emva kokufakelwa, elikwabizwa ngokuba lixesha lokuchuma. Elesithathu linqanaba lokukhula okucothayo, elibhekisela kwiminyaka emi-6-10 emva kokufakelwa, elikwabizwa ngokuba linqanaba lokukhula okucothayo. Elesine linqanaba lokubola, elibhekisela kwiminyaka eli-10-15 emva kokufakelwa, elikwabizwa ngokuba lixesha lokubola. Ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokugcinwa nokulawulwa, ixesha lokubola kwengca yaseTaiwan linokulibaziseka ngeminyaka emi-5-8. Ixesha lokubola kwengca eqhubekayo ye-coniferous lisemva kweminyaka emi-3-5 kunengca yaseTaiwan, ngelixa ixesha lokubola kwengca enamagqabi amakhulu lingaphambili ngeminyaka emi-3-5.
1. Ulawulo lwenqanaba lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo
Ngokweemfuno zoyilo kunye nenkqubo, umandlalo wengca esandul’ ukutyalwa kufuneka ususwe imbewu yokhula kunye neengcambu zengca, uzaliswe ngumhlaba ococekileyo, ukrwelwe ngokuthe tyaba kwaye uxinaniswe ube ngaphezu kwe-10 cm ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ingca. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokuxinanisela: ukuxinanisela ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuxinanisela okuncinci. Ngokubanzi, isikwere sengca engama-20 × 20 cm sisetyenziselwa amabala anqabileyo. Ibala elipheleleyo alinaxesha lokuphelelwa lixesha kwaye linexesha lokuphinda libuye leentsuku ezisi-7-10 kuphela. Kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba i-50% yendawo evulekileyo yamabala anqabileyo izalise. Ukuxinanisela entwasahlobo kunye ne-I ... Iingcambu zengca kufuneka zibe kufutshane nomhlaba. Futha amanzi kanye ngokuhlwa kangangeeveki ezimbini okanye ezimbini emva kokufaka. Emva kweeveki ezimbini, futha amanzi kanye emva kweentsuku ezimbini kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zemozulu, ikakhulu ukuze kufume. Faka isichumiso rhoqo emva kweveki ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokutyala. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-urea esingu-1-3% kunye nokunkcenkceshela kunye nokutshiza. Nyibilikisa kuqala uze utyebe. Ukususela ngoku, sebenzisa iikhilogram ezi-4-6 ze-urea ngehektare nganye kanye ngenyanga. Faka yomile ngeentsuku zemvula. , faka ulwelo ngemini enelanga, kwaye yonke into iya kugcwala. Xa ingca iphakame nge-8-10 cm, yinqumle nge-Umshini weloni. Ukukhupha ukhula kufuneka kwenziwe kwangethuba emva kwesiqingatha senyanga emva kokutyala, okanye kude kube nguJanuwari. Xa ukhula luqala ukukhula, yimba uze uncothule ingca ngexesha, uze uyicinezele emva kokumba ukuze ungaphazamisi ukukhula kwengca ephambili. Ingca esandula ukutyalwa ayinazo izifo nezinambuzane kwaye ayifuni kutshizwa. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukukhula, i-0.1-0.5% ye-potassium dihydrogen phosphate inokunkcenkceshelwa kwaye itshizwe kwisigaba sokugqibela.
2. Ulawulo olukwinqanaba eliphumelelayo nelide
Unyaka wesibini ukuya kowesihlanu emva kokutyalwa kwengca lixesha lokukhula ngamandla. Ingca ehonjisiweyo ikakhulu iluhlaza, ngoko ke kugxininiswa ekuyigcineni iluhlaza. Ukulawula amanzi, vula iziqu zengca kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umhlaba womile kodwa awumhlophe kwaye umanzi kodwa awunamabala. Umgaqo kukwenza wome entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwaye umanzi ekwindla nasebusika. Isichumisi kufuneka sifakwe kancinci kwaye sincinci, sincinci ukususela ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba wonyaka kwaye singaphezulu kuzo zombini iziphelo. Sebenzisa iikhilogram ezi-2-4 ze-urea nge-mu nganye emva kokucheba ingca. Ngexesha lokukhula okuphezulu, lawula isichumisi kunye namanzi ukulawula izinga lokukhula, kungenjalo inani lamaxesha okucheba liya kwanda kwaye iindleko zokugcina ziya kwanda. Ukucheba yeyona nto iphambili kweli nqanaba. Ukuphindaphinda kokucheba kunye nomgangatho wokucheba kunxulumene nokonakala kwengca kunye neendleko zokugcina. Kucetyiswa ukulawula inani lokucheba ingca ukuya kwi-8-10 amaxesha ngonyaka, kunye nomyinge wesinye ngenyanga ukusuka ngoFebruwari ukuya kuSeptemba kwaye kube kanye kwiinyanga ezimbini ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo. Iimfuno zobugcisa zokucheba ingca: Okokuqala, ubude bengca obulungileyo yi-6-10 cm. Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-10 cm, inganqunyulwa. Xa ingaphezulu kwe-15 cm, "iziduli zengca" ziya kuvela kwaye ezinye iindawo ziya kuba njengeehaki. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka inqunyulwe. Okwesibini kukulungiselela ngaphambi kokusika. Qinisekisa ukuba amandla omatshini wokusika utshani aqhelekile, ukuba incakuba yengca ibukhali kwaye ayinaziphene, kwaye ingca icocekile amatye amancinci kunye nenkunkuma. Okwesithathu kukusebenzisa umshini wokusika utshani. Lungisa umgama wencakuba ube yi-2-4 cm ukusuka emhlabeni (ukusika utshani okuncinci ngexesha elide, ukusika utshani okuphezulu ekwindla nasebusika), qhubela phambili ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, kwaye ububanzi bokusika buhlangana nge-3-5 cm ngalo lonke ixesha ngaphandle kokuphosa ukusika. Okwesine, coca amagqabi engca ngokukhawuleza emva kokusika, kwaye ufumise kwaye utyale umgquba.
3. Ulawulo lwamanqanaba acothayo namaxesha amade
Izinga lokukhula kwengca kwiminyaka eyi-6-10 emva kokutyalwa liye lehla, kwaye amagqabi afileyo kunye neziqu ziyanda minyaka le. Ukubola kweengcambu kuqhele ukwenzeka ngamaxesha ashushu nafumileyo, kwaye kusengozini yokonakala yiDigitonus (i-shaving bug) ekwindla nasebusika. Ingqwalasela yomsebenzi kukuqwalasela uThintelo nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Kuye kwabonwa ukuba ingca yaseTaiwan iye yacwiliswa emanzini iintsuku ezintathu yaza yaqala ukubola kweengcambu. Emva kokukhupha amanzi, isaphila. Emva kokufakwa emanzini iintsuku ezisixhenxe, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeengcambu zibolile kwaye phantse azinabomi, ngoko ke kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe emanzini. Nangona kuya kubakho ukubola kweengcambu okuncinci kwiintsuku ezi-1-2 emva kokugcwala kwamanzi, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma emva kokukhupha amanzi kuya kwenza kube lula ukuzala kwezifo kwaye kukhokelele ekwandeni kokubola kweengcambu. Emva kweentsuku ezintathu, susa ingca efileyo enobungozi kwaye uphinde ufake isisombululo se-urea. Ukukhula kuya kuqalisa emva kweveki. Ulawulo lwesichumisi kunye namanzi kwixesha elicothayo kufuneka luqiniswe kunakwixesha elichumayo, kwaye ukuchumisa ngaphandle kweengcambu kunokwandiswa. Inani leukucheba ingcakufuneka ilawulwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7-8 ngonyaka.
4. Ulawulo lwenqanaba lokuwohloka kwengca
Ingca yaqala ukubola unyaka nonyaka emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokutyala, yaza yonakala kakhulu emva kweminyaka eli-15 yokutyala. Ulawulo lwamanzi, ukutshintshana ngamaxesha omileyo namanzi, kuyakuthintela ngokungqongqo ukugcwala kwamanzi, kungenjalo kuya kuyenza mandundu ukubola kweengcambu kwaye kufe. Qinisa ukuhlolwa nokuthintela izinambuzane nezifo. Ukongeza ekuchumiseni okuqhelekileyo, sebenzisa i-1% ye-urea kunye nomxube we-dipotassium phosphorus ekuchumiseni kwangaphandle rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-10-15, okanye sebenzisa izichumisi zorhwebo ezifana neToyota kunye nezinye izichumisi zamagqabi zitshizwa ngaphandle kweengcambu, kwaye isiphumo silungile kakhulu. Iindawo ezifileyo zingatyalwa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo. Ingca ebolileyo iphinda ikhule kancinci emva kokunqunyulwa, kwaye inani lamaxesha ingca enqunyiweyo akufuneki lidlule amaxesha ama-6 unyaka wonke. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ingca ephambili incinci, ukhula kulula ukulukhulisa kwaye kufuneka lugrunjwe ngexesha. Ulawulo kufuneka luqiniswe ngokupheleleyo ngeli xesha ukuze kulibazise ngempumelelo ukubola kwengca.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-02-2024