Iingca kunye neengca azakhiwa kube kanye. Njengabantwana, zihlala zifuna ukhathalelo lwakho olucokisekileyo kuyo yonke indawo ukuze zikhule kakuhle. Abakhi bengca abaninzi bayayityeshela le ngongoma kwaye bayasilela ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Ezi zilandelayo zizinto ezininzi ezisisiseko zokulawula iingca. Ukuba uyaziqonda, ndikholelwa ukuba ingca yakho iya kuhlala ibukeka intle kwaye yandise ixesha layo lokusebenza.
一. Ukuthena nokuthena
Ukuthena yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokulawula. Ngokomgaqo, ubungakanani bokuthena ixesha ngalinye akufuneki budlule i-1/3 yobude bengca. Le theyibhile ilandelayo bubude bethu obucetyiswayo. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwengca ezahlukeneyo okanye amandla abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, le migangatho ilandelayo akufuneki ilandelwe ngokungqongqo: Iyunithi yohlobo: cm I-Bluegrass 3.8-6.4 I-fescue ende 3.8-7.6 I-Ryegrass 3.8-7.6 I-Bentgrass 0.5-2.5 Ingca yaseBermuda 0.6-3.8 I-Zoysia 1.3-5 Injongo yokuthena ayisiyonto nje yobuhle, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuthena kunokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwengca, kwandise uxinano, ukuthamba kunye nokuqina kwengca, kuphucule ukumelana nokuguguleka kwengca, kwaye kwandise ubomi benkonzo yengca. Ukuthena ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokuthintela ukudubula kunye nokukhula kwengca, ukuze ukhula lulahlekelwe lithuba lokuzala kwaye luyisuse kancinci kancinci.
二. Ukufaka isinxibo phezulu
Ngokubaukulungiswa kwengca, izichumisi zeekhemikhali okanye izichumisi zendalo zingasetyenziswa. La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe xa kusetyenziswa izichumisi zeekhemikhali:
1. Umlinganiselo we-N:P:K kufuneka ulawulwe kwi-5:4:3;
2. Ubungakanani bomhlaba osetyenziswayo yi-20 kg/mu;
3. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, izichumisi zifakwa ekwindla emazantsi nasentwasahlobo emantla;
4. Ukuchumisa kunye nokunkcenkceshela kufuneka kuhambelane kakhulu ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga ekonakaliseni ingca. Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, kungcono ukusebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi ezinomlinganiselo olungileyo. Izichumisi zendalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha lokungasebenzi kwengca, kwaye ubungakanani ngokubanzi yi-1000 ~ 1500 kg/mu, zisetyenziswa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3. Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zendalo akunakuphucula kuphela ukutyeba kunye nokuvuleka komhlaba, kodwa kunokunceda ingca ukuba ihlale ixesha elide ebusika.
三. Ukunkcenkceshela
Ukunkcenkceshela akugcini nje ngokugcina ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwengca, kodwa kukwaphucula ukuqina kweziqu namagqabi kwaye konyusa ukumelana nokunyathelwa kwengca.
1. Ixesha Lonyaka: Ukunkcenkceshela ingca kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo xa umphunga ungaphezulu kunemvula. Ebusika, emva kokuba umhlaba wengca uqandisiwe, akukho mfuneko yokuwunkcenkceshela.
2. Ixesha: Ngokweemeko zemozulu, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunkcenkceshela kuxa kukho umoya ovuthuzayo, nto leyo enokunciphisa ngempumelelo ilahleko yomphunga kwaye incede ukoma kwamagqabi. Ngosuku, ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kusasa nangokuhlwa zezona zihlandlo zilungileyo zokunkcenkceshela. Nangona kunjalo, ukunkcenkceshela ebusuku akulungele ukoma kwengca kwaye kunokubangela izifo.
3. Ubungakanani bamanzi: Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha elomileyo lexesha lokukhula kwengca, ukuze ingca ihlale iluhlaza, kufuneka amanzi angama-3 ukuya kwi-4 cm ngeveki. Phantsi kweemeko ezishushu nezomileyo, ingca ekhula ngamandla kufuneka yongeze amanzi angama-6 cm nangaphezulu ngeveki. Ubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo buxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela umhlaba okhula ngayo.
4. Iindlela: Ukunkcenkceshela kungenziwa ngokunkcenkceshela ngokutshiza, ukunkcenkceshela ngokuthontsiza, ukunkcenkceshela ngokukhukhula kunye nezinye iindlela. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yolondolozo kunye nolawulo kunye neemeko zezixhobo. Ukuze ingca engakhuli ekwindla kwaye ibe luhlaza entwasahlobo, yinkcenkceshele kube kanye ngexesha ngalinye. Yinkcenkceshele kakuhle nangokucokisekileyo, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwingca engacokisekileyo ukuba ihlale ixesha elide ebusika kwaye ibe luhlaza.
Ukuthintela nokulawula izifo
1. Uhlu lwezifo zengca eyomileyo
Izifo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokweentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo: izifo ezingosuleliyo kunye nezifo ezisulelayo. Izifo ezingosuleliyo zenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezikwingca nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezifana nokukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwembewu yengca, ukungabikho kwezondlo ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwengca emhlabeni, ukungalingani kwezakhamzimba, umhlaba owomileyo kakhulu okanye omanzi kakhulu, ungcoliseko lwendalo, njl. Olu hlobo lwesifo alusuleliyo. Izifo ezisulelayo zibangelwa yifungi, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, ii-nematodes, njl. Olu hlobo lwesifo lusulela kakhulu, kwaye iimeko ezintathu ezifunekayo ukuze sivele zezi: izityalo ezisengozini, izifo ezinokubangela izifo ezinamandla, kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zendalo esingqongileyo.
2. Iindlela zokuthintela nokulawula zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Susa imithombo ephambili yosulelo lwezifo. Umhlaba, imbewu, izithole, izityalo ezinesifo emasimini, iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo kunye nezichumisi ezingafakwanga umgquba zezona ndawo ziphambili apho uninzi lwezifo luhlala khona ebusika nasehlotyeni. Ke ngoko, ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni (ukubulala iintsholongwane ze-formalin kudla ngokusetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, i-formalin: amanzi = 1:40, ubungakanani bomphezulu womhlaba yi-10-15 litres/square meter okanye i-formalin: amanzi = 1:50, ubungakanani bomphezulu womhlaba yi-20-25 litres/square meter), unyango lwezithole (kubandakanya imbewu kunye nokuvalelwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane; indlela yokubulala iintsholongwane esetyenziswa kakhulu engceni yile: faka imbewu kwisisombululo esixutyiweyo se-formalin esiyi-1%-2% imizuzu engama-20-60, uyikhuphe emva kokuyifunxa, uyihlambe, uyisule kwaye uyihlwayele.) kwaye ususe ngokukhawuleza iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo kunye namanye amanyathelo okulawula.
(2) Ukuthintela nokulawula ezolimo: umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nengca, ngakumbi ukukhetha iintlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukususa ukhula ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukulima nzulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nesichumisi esicolekileyo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lwezityalo ezinesifo kunye neendawo zezifo, kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nesichumisi. (3) Ulawulo lweekhemikhali: ukutshiza izibulali zinambuzane ukuze kulawulwe. Kwiindawo ngokubanzi, tshiza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bomxube weBordeaux kanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba ingca ezahlukeneyo zingene kwixesha lokukhula ngamandla, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba ingca yengca igule, uze utshize kanye kwiiveki ezi-2, kwaye utshize amaxesha ama-3-4 ngokulandelelana. Oku kunokuthintela ukwenzeka kwezifo ezahlukeneyo zefungus okanye iibhaktheriya. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zifuna izibulali zinambuzane ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuxinana kwesibulali zinambuzane, ixesha kunye nenani lokutshiza, kunye nobungakanani bokutshiza. Ngokubanzi, isiphumo sokutshiza singcono xa amagqabi engca yengca egcinwa yomile. Inani lokutshiza limiselwa kakhulu bubude besiphumo esiseleyo sesibulali zinambuzane, ngokubanzi kube kanye kwiintsuku ezi-7-10, kwaye isitshizi esi-2-5 sanele. Ukutshiza kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe emva kwemvula. Ukongeza, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zixutywe okanye zisetyenziswe ngokwahlukana kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuthintelwe ukunganyangeki ngamayeza.
五. Abalawuli berhorho
1. Izizathu eziphambili zokonakaliswa kwezinambuzane zengca: umhlaba awuzange unyangwe njengesibulali-zinambuzane ngaphambiliukwakhiwa kwengca(ukulima nzulu nokomisa umhlaba, ukumba umhlaba ukuze kucholwe izinambuzane, ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni, njl.njl.); isichumiso sendalo esisetyenzisiweyo asizange siboliswe; ukuthintela kwangethuba kunye nokulawula akuzange kube ngexesha elifanelekileyo okanye isibulali-zinambuzane sisetyenziswe ngendlela engafanelekanga okanye singasebenzi kakuhle, njl.njl.
2. Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane ezitya utyani
(1) Ulawulo lwezolimo: umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nengca efanelekileyo, ukulima nzulu nokomisa ngaphambi kokuba kutyalwe, ukuchola izinambuzane kunye nokususa izinambuzane njengoko zimbiwa, ukufaka izichumisi eziphilayo ezibolileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nolawulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, njl.
(2) Ulawulo olusebenzayo nolwezandla: ukubamba kancinci, ukubulala ngokudibanisa izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nomhlaba onetyhefu, ukubanjwa ngesandla, njl.njl.
(3) Ulawulo lwebhayoloji: oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa iintshaba zendalo okanye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ukulawula. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezisebenzayo ukulawula iigrubs ikakhulu yi-green muscardine, kwaye isiphumo solawulo yi-90%.
(4) Ulawulo lweekhemikhali: Izibulali-zinambuzane ikakhulu ziikhompawundi ze-phosphorus eziphilayo. Ngokubanzi, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza ukusasazeka kwesiyobisi nokuthintela ukulahleka ngenxa yokubola kwe-photocomplex kunye nokuguquguquka; ukutshiza kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinambuzane ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izinambuzane, ezifana neenundu zengca, ukunkcenkceshela emva kokusetyenziswa kufuneka kwenziwe ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24-72 emva kokusetyenziswa. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo kukuxuba imbewu nezibulali-zinambuzane, ukubamba izibambo zetyhefu okanye ukutshiza.
La manyathelo angasentla anokwanela umakhi wengca oqhelekileyo. Ukuba ingca ilawulwa kakuhle, ukumelana kwayo kuya kuphucuka kakhulu.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2024