Kubaqhubi beenkundla yegalufa, iindleko zokugcinwa kweengca zenkundla yegalufa ziyanda imihla ngemihla, nto leyo eye yaba yenye yezona ngxaki zinzima kubaqhubi. Indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kweengca zenkundla yegalufa iye yaba yinkxalabo kubo bonke abadlali benkundla yegalufa. Eli nqaku liza kubeka phambili iingcebiso ezisi-7 ezinokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zokugcinwa kweengca zenkundla yegalufa.
Ukugcinwa kwengca yendlelaabasebenzi badla ngokukholelwa ukuba iindlela zokulungisa utshani lwenkundla yegalufa azinzima nje kuphela kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshani luyahlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho yenkundla, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa inani leerowudi zabadlali begalufa kunye nengeniso yenkundla. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zokulungisa inkundla yegalufa ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Izichumisi, izibulali-zinambuzane, abasebenzi bokusika kunye nokulungisa zonke azinamsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ayisiyondlela yodwa. La manqaku alandelayo asi-7 aya kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zokulungisa utshani lwenkundla yegalufa.
1. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali kunokunciphisa izifo
Izitshizi zefoliar zephosphorus okanye i-manganese zinokulawula amabala amdaka kwaye zinciphise isidingo seefungicides ezithengiswayo. Kwangaxeshanye, kwabonwa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-0.25kg yesichumiso sekhemikhali se-potassium silicate kwi-100m2 kunokunciphisa isifo samabala amdaka nge-10 ukuya kwi-20%. Xa kunyangwa ngendlela efanayo, isifo samabala emali sinokuncitshiswa nge-10%.
Isichumisi sePotassium carbonate singasetyenziselwa ukulawula amakhonkco e-basidiomycete emadlelweni. Esi sichumisi sisebenza kakuhle xa sisetyenziswa xa amakhonkco e-mushroom eqala ukubonakala entwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Faka kabini rhoqo emva kweveki, 8g/m2 rhoqo, nkcenkceshela emva kokusetyenziswa ukuze uphephe ukutsha kwesichumisi kumagqabi. Abaphandi bakwafumanise ukuba olu nyango lukwanciphisa ukubonakala kwamabala amdaka.
2. Ukusebenzisa imbewu yengca esemgangathweni ophezulu kunokunciphisa ubungakanani bokuthena
Iintlobo zengca "eziqhelekileyo" zivelisa iziqwenga ezininzi kuneentlobo eziphezulu. Le yingxelo ephawulekayo, ebonakala ngathi iyaphikisana kodwa ichanekile, kuba kwiimarike ezifuna ulawulo olubanzi, imbewu yengca eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili ekuthengweni kwabathengisi bembewu. Kolunye uphando, kufunyenwe ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kubungakanani bothuli lwengca oluveliswa yimbewu yengca eqhelekileyo kunye nembewu yengca esemgangathweni ophezulu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-bluegrass luvelisa ingca engaphezulu ngama-70% kuneentlobo ezintle ze-ryegrass ehlala ixesha elide, iBlackburg Linn, ngama-50% ngaphezulu kuneentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-fescue ende iTara kunye ne-K-31, kwaye ngama-13% ngaphezulu kune-Apache.
3、Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthena zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, ukucheba ingca kusebenzisa amanzi amancinci okunkcenkceshela. Uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuba ubude bokucheba bePoa annua buncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-2.5cm ukuya kwi-0.6cm, amanzi okunkcenkceshela adinga isiqingatha kuphela senani lokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ingca enjalo enqunyulwe kancinci iya kuba neengcambu ezimfutshane, ngoko ke ingca enqunyulwe kancinci ayinakuyinyamezela imbalela, enokubangela ukuba ingca ibe yi-chlorotic okanye yonakale. Kwiindawo ezinemozulu yelizwekazi apho ingca kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe khona, ukucheba kancinci ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Nciphisa amaxesha okucheba ukuze ugcine umswakama. Uphando lubonisa ukuba apho amaxesha okucheba anda khona ukusuka kabini ngeveki ukuya kumaxesha amathandathu ngeveki, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwanda nge-41%. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida yokonga amanzi ngokunkcenkceshela rhoqo, kwaye amanzi ayachithwa ukuba ingca ikhula kakhulu.
4. Ulawulo lokwahlulwa kwebala lemidlalo
Ukwahlulahlula amabala egalufa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolondolozo nolawulo kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zolondolozo. Kakade ke, inqanaba lokugcinwa kweendawo eziluhlaza, iifairways, iibhokisi zeetee kunye nezinye iindawo zalo naliphi na ibala legalufa alinakuncitshiswa kwaye akufanele lincitshiswe. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo ungazama ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
Okokuqala, yahlulahlula umzobo wenkundla ube zizikwere kunye noonxantathu. Icandelo ngalinye lichaza inqanaba lolondolozo kwaye liyibhale ukusuka ku-"A" ukuya ku-"G." Icandelo ngalinye linemigangatho yalo emiselweyo yesichumiso, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuthena, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Indawo A (eluhlaza) inokufumana naluphi na ulawulo olufunekayo, kwaye ezinye iindawo ziya kunciphisa utyalo-mali lolondolozo ngokulandelelana. Esi sicwangciso singeniswe kwikomiti yolawulo lweklabhu ukuze sivunywe emva kokuba abasebenzi bolondolozo befikelele kwisivumelwano. Oku kuvumela ukuba iindleko zolondolozo zincitshiswe kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa iindleko zizonke. Ukuphunyezwa kwezi nyathelo akuyi kuchaphazela kuphela umgangatho kunye nokudlala kwenkundla, kodwa kuya kwenza "ukubuyela kwindawo yendalo" kwiindawo apho ukuthena okanye ezinye iindlela zolondolozo zincitshisiwe, nto leyo eya kuxatyiswa ngabagalufa.
5. "Qeqesha" ingca
Njengomphathi wengca, ungaqeqesha ingca yakho ukuba ingadingi manzi amaninzi. Kwimpuma ye-United States, ingca ezichetywe kakhulu zinokulibazisa ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala kude kube nguJulayi 4 kwiminyaka emininzi. Oku kuvumela iingcambu zengca ukuba zingene nzulu emhlabeni zifuna umswakama. Beka ingca yakho kwimijikelo eliqela emifutshane neyomileyo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kweengcambu.
Le ndlela ikwafanelekile nakwiingca ezinqunqiweyo kancinci, nangona ixesha lokuqala lokunkcenkceshela liza kuba ngaphambi kwexesha. Njengomphathi we-turfgrass, kufuneka uphephe ukuba yindawo yokuqala kwindawo yakho yokunkcenkceshela zonke iindawo ze-fairways kunye ne-grass ende entwasahlobo.
Kakade ke, kukho iingozi "zokuqeqesha" ingca. Kodwa imbalela yasentwasahlobo inokunyanzela iingcambu zengca ukuba zikhule nzulu emhlabeni. Ezi ngcambu zinzulu ziqala ukusebenza phakathi ehlotyeni, zisebenzisa amanzi amancinci kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokusingqongileyo.
6. Nciphisa ubungakanani bokucheba ingca
Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-New York Research Institute lufumanise ukuba ingca exutyiweyo ene-ryegrass ehlala ixesha elide okanye i-fescue ende (okanye iintlobo ze-fescue ezinde ezimfutshane) zinesantya esiphezulu sokukhula, zifuna ukusika utyani oluninzi, kwaye zivelisa iintsalela zengca ezicothayo kunesantya sokukhula. Ingca efana ne-fescue entle okanye i-bluegrass zininzi ngama-90 ukuya kuma-270%.
Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukonga okukhulu kunokwenziwa ngokutshintsha iintlobo zengca nokunciphisa ukucheba. Umphandi uJames Wilmott wakhe wabala iakhawunti, “Ukuba kubiza i-$150 ngehektare nganye ukuxuba nohlobo lwengca olufuna ukucheba okuphezulu, ngoko kubiza malunga ne-$50 ngehektare nganye ukuxuba nohlobo lwengca olufuna ukucheba okuphantsi. Ukudibanisa kubiza malunga ne-1/3 kuphela. Iimfuno zesichumiso zigcina malunga ne-$120 ngehektare nganye, okuthetha ukuba yi-$12,000 ngexesha lonyaka.”
Kakade ke, ukutshintsha i-bluegrass okanye i-fescue ende akunakwenzeka rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, xa seleikhosi yagalufa ithatha indawo yeentlobo zengca ezifuna ukuchetywa rhoqo ngeentlobo zengca ezikhula kancinci, inokonga imali eninzi ngokunciphisa inani lokuchetywa.
7. Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula
Wonke umntu uvile ukuba ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala ukhula amancinci kungcono kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaba amayeza okubulala ukhula angancitshiswa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umgangatho webala legalufa? Ngokophando, ukulawula ukhula lwe-crabgrass okanye i-goosegrass, inani elincinci lemithi yokubulala ukhula engekaveli lingasetyenziswa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ufumanise ukuba ungayisebenzisa yonke into kunyaka wokuqala, isiqingatha sento rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kunye ne-1/4 yesixa emva kweminyaka emi-3 nangaphezulu. Olu setyenziso luvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo nokusebenzisa yonke into minyaka le. Isizathu soku kukuba njengoko ingca ikhula ibe nkulu kwaye ixhathisa ukhula, ukhula luthatha indawo encinci emhlabeni ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Indlela elula yokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho izibulali-zinambuzane kukuhlala ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchazwe kwiileyibhile ezininzi zezibulali-zinambuzane. Ukuba ileyibhile icebisa umlinganiselo we-0.15 ~ 0.3kg ngehektare, sebenzisa umlinganiselo ophantsi. Le ndlela imenze wakwazi ukusebenzisa ukhula lwezityalo oluncinci nge-10% kunezinye iindlela ezikufutshane.
Ulawulo olubanzi lwengca lungasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zegalufa, kwaye amandla alo okonga imali ayabonakala. Njengomphathi wengca, ungazama.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-20-2024