Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, igalufa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe lam. Okwangoku, kukho iinkundla zegalufa ezingaphezu kwe-150 kunye neendlela eziphantse zibe ngama-3,000 kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko ezikhulayo zokugcinwa kwengca yegalufa zenze amaqela amaninzi egalufa azive engenakho ukumelana nayo. Indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kwengca yegalufa iye yaba yenye yezinto ezixhalabisayo amagosa kunye nabaphathi beengca zeqela ezahlukeneyo. Indlela yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wengca ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno zeimbonakalo yendawo yegalufakunye nokudlala kwabadlali? Kwiminyaka eliqela yokuziqhelanisa kunye namava aphambili olawulo lokugcinwa kwengca yegalufa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, umbhali ubeka phambili ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
(1) Khetha imbewu yengca esemgangathweni ophezulu, uyilinganise ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye unciphise inani lokucheba. Imbewu yengca "eqhelekileyo" inokuvelisa ingca echeba kakhulu kuneentlobo ezibalaseleyo. Le yingxelo ephawulekayo ebonakala iphikisana kodwa ichanekile, kuba kwimarike efuna ulawulo olubanzi, imbewu yengca eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo kubathengisi bembewu. Kuphononongo, kufunyenwe ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kubungakanani bentsalela yengca eveliswa yimbewu yengca eqhelekileyo kunye nembewu yengca esemgangathweni ophezulu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwengca yasendle luvelisa ingca engaphezulu ngama-70% kuneBlackburg Linn, uhlobo oluphezulu lwe-ryegrass ehlala ixesha elide, ngama-50% ngaphezulu kuneTara kunye neK-31, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-fescue ende, kunye ne-13% ngaphezulu kune-Apache.
(2) Izichumisi zeekhemikhali zinokunciphisa izifo. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina State bafumanise ukuba iiringi zekhowa eziluhlaza zephosphorus okanye i-manganese. Isiphumo esingcono sokusebenzisa esi sichumisi kukuba xa iringi yekhowa iqala ukubonakala entwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Faka kabini ngeveki kwi-8g/㎡ rhoqo, uze unkcenkceshele emva kokufaka ukuze uphephe ukutsha kwesichumisi kumagqabi. Abaphandi bakwafumanise ukuba le ndlela yokunyanga inokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwesifo samabala amdaka.
(3) Ukucheba kakuhle kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ngokuchaseneyo neembono ezininzi, ukucheba ingca kunokusebenzisa amanzi amancinci okunkcenkceshela. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukuba ukuphakama kokucheba kwengca yengca kuncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-2.5cm ukuya kwi-0.6cm, amanzi okunkcenkceshela afunekayo sisiqingatha nje seyokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, la magqabi achetywe kancinci aya kwenza iingcambu zibe mfutshane, ngoko ke la magqabi achetywe kancinci awakwazi ukumelana nembalela, kungenjalo ingca iya kulahlekelwa nombala wayo oluhlaza okanye yonakale. Kwiimeko zelizwekazi apho ukucheba kuyimfuneko khona, ukusebenzisa ukucheba kancinci ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi kunokufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ukunciphisa ubuninzi bokusika ukhula kunokugcina umswakama. Izifundo zibonise ukuba apho ukucheba ukhula ukusuka kwizihlandlo ezi-2 ngeveki ukuya kwizihlandlo ezi-6 ngeveki, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuyanda nge-41%. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida ethile yokugcina amanzi ngokunciphisa inani lamaxesha okunkcenkceshela, njengokuchitha amanzi okubangelwa yingca ekhula kakhulu.
(4) Ulawulo lwezoni. Ukwahlulahlula ibala legalufa libe ngamaqela ahlukeneyoulawulo lolondolozoIindawo zinganciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina. Kakade ke, inqanaba lokugcina ibala legalufa eliluhlaza, i-fairway, i-tee kunye nezinye iindawo alinakuncitshiswa kwaye akufanele lincitshiswe. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo, le ndlela ilandelayo ingazanywa: Okokuqala, yahlula imephu yebala ibe zizikwere kunye noonxantathu, yabela inqanaba lokugcina inxalenye nganye, kwaye uyiphawule ukusuka ku-“A” ukuya ku-“G”. Inxalenye nganye inemigangatho yayo yesichumiso, ukunkcenkceshela, ukucheba kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Indawo A (eluhlaza) inokufumana naluphi na ulawulo olufunekayo, kwaye ezinye iindawo zinokunciphisa igalelo lokugcina ngokulandelanayo.
(5) "Uqeqesho lwengca yasentwasahlobo". Njengomphathi wengca, ungaqeqesha ingca ukuze ifune amanzi amancinci. Le ndlela ikwafanelekile nakwiingca ezichetywe kancinci. Nangona ixesha lokuqala lokunkcenkceshela kufuneka libe ngaphambi kwexesha, njengomphathi wengca, kufuneka uphephe ukwenza ibala legalufa elilawulayo libe lelokuqala kuloo ndawo ukunkcenkceshela zonke iindawo zendlela kunye neendawo ezinengca ende entwasahlobo.
Kakade ke, iingca "zokuqeqesha" nazo zinemingcipheko. Kodwa imbalela yasentwasahlobo inokunyanzela iingcambu zengca ukuba zikhule nzulu emhlabeni. Ezi ngcambu zinzulu ziya kudlala indima phakathi ehlotyeni, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwaye ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo.
(6) Nciphisa inani lamaxesha okucheba. Iziko lophando eNew York lifumanise ukuba ingca exutyiweyo ye-ryegrass ehlala ixesha elide okanye i-fescue ende (okanye iintlobo ze-fescue ezinde ezimfutshane) inesantya esiphezulu sokukhula kwaye ifuna ukucheba okungakumbi. Ubungakanani bentsalela yengca eveliswayo bungaphezulu nge-90% ukuya kwi-270% kunengca ekhula kancinci efana ne-fescue entle okanye i-meadow bluegrass.
Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba iindleko ezininzi zinokongiwa ngokutshintsha iintlobo zengca nokunciphisa ukucheba. Umphandi uJames Wilmot wakha wenza izibalo: “Ukuba kubiza i-$150 ngehektare nganye ukuxuba neentlobo zengca ezifuna ubuninzi bokucheba, ngoko kubiza malunga ne-$50 ngehektare nganye ukuxuba neentlobo zengca ezifuna ubuninzi bokucheba. Xa zidityaniswe nemfuneko yokufaka kuphela malunga ne-1/3 yesichumiso, ukonga iindleko ngehektare yi-$120. Ukuba ulawula iihektare ezili-100 zomhlaba, ungonga i-$12,000 ngexesha lonyaka.” Ewe kona, akunakwenzeka ukutshintsha i-bluegrass okanye i-fescue ende kuzo zonke iimeko. Kodwa xa ibala legalufa lithatha indawo yeentlobo zengca ezifuna ubuninzi bokucheba ngeentlobo zengca ezikhula kancinci, linokonga imali eninzi ngokunciphisa inani lokucheba. (7) Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula. Wonke umntu uvile ukuba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kulungile kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaba umgangatho webala legalufa ungancitshiswa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula? Ngokophando, ukulawula i-crabgrass okanye i-bullgrass, inani elincinci le-herbicide ngaphambi kokuvela linokusetyenziswa minyaka le. Ufumanise ukuba inani elipheleleyo linokusetyenziswa kunyaka wokuqala, isiqingatha senani rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kunye ne-1/4 yenani kunyaka wesithathu nangaphezulu. Le ndlela yokufaka ivelisa isiphumo esifana nesokufaka inani elipheleleyo minyaka le. Isizathu kukuba ingca iya isiba nkulu kwaye imelana nokhula, kwaye indawo ehlala ukhula emhlabeni iyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Indlela elula yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kukulawula idosi ngaphakathi koluhlu oluboniswe kwiileyibhile zezibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi. Ukuba ileyibhile icebisa i-0.15-0.3 kg ngehektare nganye, khetha idosi ephantsi. Ngale ndlela, usebenzise izibulali-zinambuzane ezingaphantsi nge-10% kuneendawo zegalufa ezikufutshane.
Ulawulo olubanzi lwengca lungasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zegalufa, kwaye amandla alo okonga imali ayabonakala. Njengomphathi wengca, ungazama.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-05-2024