Ukufunxa ngaphezulu kukufaka umaleko omncinci womhlaba kwingca esele ikhulile okanye ekhulayo. Kwingca esele ikhulile, isigqubuthelo somhlaba sinokusebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukulawula umaleko wengca, ukulinganisela umphezuluingca yezemidlalo, ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwengca eyonzakeleyo okanye enesifo, ukukhusela ukubeka ingca eluhlaza ebusika, ukutshintsha iimpawu zendlela yokukhulisa ingca, njl. Iimpawu zemfuza yengca, iimeko zendalo ezingqongileyo, iindlela zokulima kunye nolawulo kunye nenjongo yokusekwa kwengca zimisela imfuneko yokugubungela umhlaba. Ingca eluhlaza yegalufa, ingca eluhlaza yebhowling kunye nezinye iindawo zemidlalo zifuna ingca ehambelanayo kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. Iindawo ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ezingalinganiyo zibangelwa kukunyathelwa, iimeko zemozulu, ukukhula kwengca kunye nezinye izinto. Iingqukuva ezincinci neziphakathi zinokulungiswa ngokugubungela umphezulu ngomhlaba. Iikhola zeziqhamo ezigqunywe ngumhlaba ongaphezulu azinangxaki kangako yokuqokelelwa kwengca okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene noko. Iikhola zeziqhamo ezakhiwe kumhlaba ongafanelekanga ekugqibeleni zinokwenza ingca elungileyo enokuhambisa amanzi okuphuculweyo, umoya opholileyo kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo emva kokugqunywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngumhlaba ofanelekileyo iminyaka emininzi. Ke ngoko, le ndlela ibe yindlela ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ingca yemidlalo.
Ukubeka Ulwahlulo Ingxaki eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokugubungela umphezulu womhlaba yimpembelelo yokubeka ulwahlulo ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa komhlaba ixesha elide okwahlukileyo kwindawo yomhlaba wengca njengogubungela umhlaba. Xa kukho isanti okanye ezinye izinto ezirhabaxa kwiprofayili yomhlaba, umhlaba ongaphezulu uhlala ukwimeko yokufuma kwaye ukukhula kweengcambu kuyathintelwa. Umahluko omncinci kwiintlobo zomhlaba kumaleko womhlaba, njengomaleko wengcambu yengca, uya kubangela nemiphumo emibi kakhulu ekusasazweni kweengcambu zengca. Ngaphezu koko, ubungakanani okanye ukuphindaphindwa kokugubungela umaleko womphezulu ngomhlaba akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba umaleko womhlaba uxutywe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha umhlaba kunye neentsalela zezinto eziphilayo ziya kwahluka. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuthenwa ngokuthe nkqo ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba umaleko ophezulu womhlaba usetyenziswe ukuvula umaleko wengca ukuthintela ukufakwa kolwahlulo. Ukutyumza imicu yomhlaba eneembobo emva kokugrumba kunokuvelisa isiphumo esifanayo nomhlaba ogubungela umphezulu. Ukuba nje umhlaba ongaphantsi kwengca ufanelekile, le nkqubo yokuqhekeka iyafana okanye ingcono kunokugquma ngaphezulu ngomhlaba wasemzini. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bomhlaba oqhekekileyo bumiselwa bubungakanani bokugrumba (ubungakanani kunye nenani lemingxuma) kunye nobungakanani bokugrumba obunokunyanyezelwa yingca. Kwelinye icala, isigqubuthelo somhlaba esiphezulu asichaphazeleki zezi zinto kwaye singenziwa ngaphandle kwezinye iindlela zokulima. Xa kugrunjwa kwaye kugqunywa umhlaba ngaxeshanye, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo ukuthintela ukwakheka komaleko. Umzekelo, xa kugqunywa ikhola yeziqhamo ngesanti, imingxunya idla ngokugrunjwa kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba isanti ingena kwimingxuma. Imingxunya yomhlaba ekhutshwe emngxunyeni kufuneka isuswe. Imingxunya yomhlaba ayinakuqhekeka kwindawo leyo de ubukhulu besanti budlule ubunzulu bokungena komatshini wokugrumba. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubakho ukungahambelani phakathi kwesanti nomhlaba, okubangela iziphumo ezimbi.
Ukukhetha umhlaba ogquma umphezulu Ukukhetha umhlaba osetyenziswa njengomhlaba ogquma umphezulu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiulawulo lwengca. Ke ngoko, xa kusakhiwa ikhola yeziqhamo entsha, kufuneka kubekwe ecaleni umhlaba othile kwangaphambili ukuze usetyenziswe kamva. Umhlaba ofunekayo kumhlaba othe tyaba kunye nomhlaba ogquma ngaphezulu wahlukile kuphela kumxholo womhlaba wezinto eziphilayo. Umhlaba ogquma ngaphezulu awudingi zinto eziphilayo kuba ukukhula kwengca kuya kuvelisa iintsalela zendalo ezaneleyo kwiimfuno zexesha elizayo. Enyanisweni, enye injongo yokugquma umhlaba ophezulu kukukhuthaza ukubola kwezi zinto eziphilayo ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa komaleko wengca ogqithisileyo. Ukuba umhlaba wasekuhlaleni awufanelekanga, ikhola kufuneka yakhiwe kwakhona okanye kukhethwe umhlaba ongaphezulu ofanelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bengxaki yeprofayili yekhola kunye nenqanaba lomgangatho wekhola okulindeleke ukuba ufezekiswe ngokufaka umhlaba ngaphezulu, ulawulo okanye ezinye iindlela. Ukukhetha umhlaba ongaphandle kwendawo kunzima ngakumbi kuba kunzima ukufezekisa ulwakhiwo olufanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengokusebenzisa umhlaba onesihlabathi. Kutshanje, abantu badla ngokusebenzisa isanti ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isanti isetyenziswa ngokungapheliyo ixesha elide, kuya kuvela umaleko wesanti, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho umphezulu oqinileyo, ofuna amanzi amaninzi kunye nezichumisi kulawulo lwemihla ngemihla. Ukuba isanti iyagxothwa ngamanzi, amathuba okuba kome kwindawo ayanda.
Ubungakanani bomhlaba ogqumayo Ubungakanani bomhlaba ogqumayo obufunekayo kwisicelo ngasinye okanye kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula buxhomekeke kwinjongo yokugubungela umhlaba. Ukuba kukuguqula indawo enkulu yokungalingani nokwenza umphezulu wengca ube mpuluswa, kuya kufuneka umhlaba omkhulu; ngokufanayo, ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ukwakheka komhlaba womaleko wengca, kuya kufuneka umhlaba omkhulu ogqumayo. Ubungakanani okanye ukuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa kulawulwa kakhulu kukukwazi kwengca ukufunxa le mihlaba. Umhlaba omninzi uya kuthintela amagqabi ekufumaneni ukukhanya kwaye kuchaphazele ukukhula kwengca. Umgangatho wokubeka wenkundla yegalufa uchaphazela namandla omhlaba ogqumayo. Inkundla yegalufa engasetyenziswayo okwethutyana idinga umhlaba omninzi ogqumayo, kwaye inkundla yegalufa eqhubeka nokudlala iya kusebenzisa umhlaba omncinci ogqumayo. Xa kulawulwa umaleko wengca, izinga apho umaleko wengca uqokelelana ngalo limisela ukuphindaphindwa kunye nobungakanani bokugqumayo komphezulu. Ezinye iingca zeziqhamo azidingi mhlaba ophezulu xa zingakhuli ngamandla okanye xa iimeko zifanelekile ukubola ngokukhawuleza kweentsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Kwikhola zeziqhamo apho umaleko womile uqhubeka ukhula khona, kungcono ukugquma isiqhamo ngomhlaba ongaphezulu. Kwimeko enjalo, ubungakanani bomhlaba ongaphezulu obufunekayo kufuneka bube malunga ne-15m3/hm2 kunye nomhlaba ogqumayo obumalunga ne-1.5mm ubukhulu. Umaleko ophezulu womhlaba kunye nengca exutywe kunye yenza umaleko ophakathi oluncedo kwingca enyathelweyo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekuboleni kwayo, umaleko ophezulu womhlaba unokutshintsha ubuncinci, utshintshe ukufuma kunye nemeko yesondlo, kwaye unikeze izondlo; umaleko womile ubonelela ngokuqina kunye nomoya. Ke ngoko, umhlaba ogqumayo uphucula umaleko wengca kwixesha elifutshane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngenxa yokugquma komhlaba, umaleko wengca owomileyo ukhawulezisa ukubola kwaye umxholo wezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba uyanda. Xa kufakwa isanti eninzi ecocekileyo kumhlaba ogqumayo, izinga lokufaka linokuba liphantsi njenge-7.5m2/hm2, kwaye linokusetyenziswa kanye kwiiveki ezimbini ngexesha lokukhula. Abanye abantu bacebisa nokufaka isanti ephakathi (0.25-1.0mm). Enye yeengxaki zokusebenzisa isanti njengesigqubuthelo somhlaba ophezulu kukuba uthuli nezinye izinto ezincinci zingena esantini ngokufaka umoya kunye nokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ubungakanani obukhulu bunokunciphisa umoya. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukubhola rhoqo kwaye kuzaliswe imingxunya "ngesanti ecocekileyo" ukuze kudibane neengqimba ezivaliweyo ngamaqhekeza kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba amanzi ahamba kakuhle. Ukugquma umphezulu rhoqo kungasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa la maqhekeza kwaye kuthintelwe ukwenziwa komaleko wokutywina. Imingxunya yokubhoboza iyimfuneko ukugcina ubunzulu obufanelekileyo bomgangatho kwikhola yeziqhamo. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, ngobuninzi bokugquma umphezulu, ukuphakama kwekhola yeziqhamo kunokunyuka kakhulu. Ukwanda kobukhulu kunokubangela imbalela yomphezulu. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani bezinto zokugquma umphezulu ezongeziweyo kufuneka bulingane nobungakanani bemicu yomhlaba esusiweyo emva kokubhola kunye nokubhola.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-18-2024