Imigaqo yeUkulungiswa kwengcazezi: iyunifomu, icocekile kwaye ingenazingcolotho, kunye nobutsha unyaka wonke. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zolawulo, ingca eluhlaza inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane ngokobude bexesha lokutyala. Eyokuqala kukutyalwa kwinqanaba elipheleleyo, elibhekisa kwisityalo sokuqala sengca kunye nenqanaba lokutyala kunyaka omnye okanye ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo (i-100% ekwabizwa ngokuba yinqanaba elivulekileyo), elikwabizwa ngokuba yinqanaba elivulekileyo. Okwesibini linqanaba lokukhula eliphezulu, elibhekisa kwiminyaka emi-2-5 emva kokufakelwa, ukwabizwa ngokuba yixesha elinempumelelo. Elesithathu linqanaba lokukhula elicothayo, elibhekisa kwiminyaka eyi-6 ukuya kweli-10 emva kokufakelwa, ukwabizwa ngokuba kwinqanaba lokukhula kancinci. Inqanaba lesine linqanaba elinamandla, elibhekisa kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 emva kokufakelwa, ukwabizwa ngokuba yi-Degeneration Literation. Ngaphantsi kwenqanaba eliphezulu lolondolozo kunye nolawulo, ixesha lokupheka kwengca linokulibaziseka kwiminyaka engama-5-8.
1. Ulawulo lwenqanaba lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo
Ngokwendlela yokuyilwa kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, ibhedi yengca entsha ityale imbewu yokhula kunye neengcambu zengca, ezizaliswe ngumhlaba ococekileyo, obekwe kwi-CM engaphezulu kwe-10 ngaphambi kokuba i-turf ingasetyenziswa. Zimbini iintlobo ze-turfIng: Ukufika ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusela kancinci. Ngokubanzi, isikwere se-turf ye-20 × 20 cm sisetyenziselwa indawo ye-spars. I-patch epheleleyo ayinalo ixesha lokuphelelwa kwaye linethuba lokubuyisela kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10. Kuthatha ixesha elithile lexesha lama-50% lendawo evulekileyo ye-sparse patches ukuzalisa. Ukuthathwa kwentwasahlobo kwaye i-turf isetyenziswe ehlotyeni kuthatha iinyanga ezi-1-2 kuphela ukuze ivuthiwe, ngelixa i-turf isetyenziswe ekwindla kwaye ebusika kuthatha iinyanga ezi-2-3 zokukhula ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuphathelele ukulungiswa nokulawulwa, ugxininiso lukwi-National nolawulo lwechumiso. Entwasahlobo, bubungqina obungabantu, ehlotyeni bubungqina belanga, kwaye ekwindla kwaye ubusika, ingca isetyenziselwa ukuthintela umoya kunye nokunyibilikisa. Ngokubanzi, tshiza amanzi kwakanye kusasa nangokuhlwa kwiveki emva kokufaka ingca, kwaye ujonge ukuba i-turf iqengqele. Iingcambu zengca ziyafuneka ukuba zisondele emhlabeni. Ukutshiza kwamanzi kube kanye ngokuhlwa kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezimbini emva kokufaka isicelo. Emva kweeveki ezimbini, tshiza amanzi kanye emva kweentsuku ezimbini kuxhomekeke kwixesha lexesha kunye neemeko zemozulu, ikakhulu kukurhafisa.
Hlanganisa rhoqo ngeveki ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokutyala. Sebenzisa i-1-3% isisombululo se-Urea sidityaniswe nokunkcenkceshela kunye nokutshiza. I-dilute kuqala kwaye ikhule. Ukususela ngoku, sebenzisa iipawundi ze-4-6 ze-Urea nge-acre nge-acre nganye ngenyanga. Isicelo esomileyo ngeentsuku zemvula. , faka isicelo solwelo kwilanga, kwaye usebenzise i-lawnmower ukusika ingca xa ingca i-8-10 cm mde. Ukuthobela kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko njengesiqingatha senyanga emva kokutyala, okanye ukufike emva kwexeshana noJanuwari. Xa imisele iqala ukukhula, imba kwaye inciphise ingcambu yengca ngexesha, kwaye icombolole emva kokumba ukunqanda ichaphazela ukukhula kwengca enkulu. Ingca esandula ukuyityalwa ingenasifo ngokubanzi nezifo zentende kwaye ayifuni kulawulo olukhethekileyo. Ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa ukukhula, i-0.1--0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate ikwankcenkceshelwa kwaye itshizwe kwixesha elizayo.
2. Ulawulo kwinqanaba lexesha elide
Iminyaka yesibini ukuya kwelesihlanu emva kokutyala kwengca lixesha lokukhula okuqinileyo. Ingca yengca yengca ikakhulu iluhlaza, ke ugxininiso lukukugcina luhlaza. Ukulawulwa kwamanzi, vula ingca kwaye uqiniseke ukuba umhlaba womile kodwa ungamhlophe kwaye umanzi kodwa ungabaniki. Umgaqo kukwenza ukuba yome entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwaye imanzi ekwindla nasebusika. Isichumisi kufuneka sisetyenziswe kancinci kwaye sincinci, ngaphantsi ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba wonyaka nangaphezulu kwiziphelo zombini. Sebenzisa iipawundi ezi-2-4 ze-Urea kwi-mu nganye emva kokucheba nganye. Kwixesha lokukhula kwe-Peak, ukulawula isichumisi kunye namanzi ukulawula inqanaba lokukhula, kungenjalo inani lamaxesha e-swing liya kunyuka kwaye iindleko zolondolozo ziya kunyuka. Ukucheba kugxilwe kweli nqanaba. I-frequency yokucheba kunye nomgangatho wokucheba unxulumene nokuwohloka kwengca kunye neendleko zokulungisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulawule inani lengca yokusikwa kwengca ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8-10 ka-10 ngonyaka, ngomndilili wangaphambili nge-Februn ukuya ku-Okthobha ukuya kunyaka olandelayo. Ingca inqumle iimfuno zobugcisa: Okokuqala, ukuphakama kwengca kakhulu yi-6-10 cm. Ukuba idlula i-10 cm, inokusikwa. Xa inkulu kune-15 cm, "iinkungu zengca" ziya kuvela kwaye ezinye iinxalenye ziya kufana ne-hooks. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka inqunyulwe. Okwesibini kukulungiselela ngaphambi kokusika. Jonga ukuba amandla e-lawnmower kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba ingca ibukhali kwaye ayiyonakalisi, kwaye ingca icocekile amatye amahle kunye nenkunkuma. Okwesithathu kukusebenzisa i-lawn mower. Lungisa umgama we-blade ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2-4 cm ukusuka emhlabeni (ukucheba okuphantsi ixesha elide, ukucheba okuphezulu ekwindla kwaye ubusika), kunye nobubanzi obungapheliyo, kunye nobubanzi bokunqunyulwa ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokuphoswa kwesikithi. Okwesine, ukucoca ingca ishiya ngokukhawuleza emva kokusika, kwaye inyanzele i-moistrain kwaye ichuma.
3. Ulawulo lwamanqanaba exesha elicothayo kunye nexesha elide
Iqondo lokukhula kwengca 6-10 iminyaka emva kokutyala inqabile, kwaye amagqabi afileyo kunye neziqu akhula unyaka nonyaka. Ingcambu inxaxhile ukuba yenzeke kumaxesha ashushu kwaye anomswakama, kwaye ukhathazekile ekonakaleni nge-didinos (Shekes) ekwindla nasebusika. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kukunika ingqalelo ukuthintela nokulawula izinambuzane kunye nezifo. Iqatshelwe ukuba emva kweentsuku ezintathu zokuqhubeka kwe-terloging, iingcambu ziya kuqala ukubola. Emva kokuba amanzi akhutshiwe, kusekho ubomi. Emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe zokuqhuba ngamaqhinga okuqhubekayo, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeengcambu kuya kubola kwaye phantse aphile, ngoko ke ingca kufuneka iphindwe kwakhona. Nangona kuya kubakho ukubola kweengcambu ngaphakathi kwiintsuku ezili-1-2 zokufaka amanzi, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma emva kokuntywila kuya kuqhuba ukuveliswa kweetapile kwaye kukhokelele kwi-chiect yengca. Sebenzisa i-thiophanate okanye i-carbendazazim i-800-1000 kwaye ikhuphe indawo enesifo i-2-3 i-Times (Spray kube kanye kwiintsuku ezingama-2 ukuya kwe-10 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kuthintela nokulawula iingcambu. Ii-cutworms ezindala zinqumle isiseko sengca ebusweni, senza iziqwengana ezomileyo. Indawo yanda imihla ngemihla, ebangela umonakalo olwenziweyo kwaye ibangele iindawo ezinkulu zomile. Ngexesha lokuhlola, kufuneka ucime ingca ukuze ufumane i-larvae. Kuyimfuneko ukufumana kuqala kwaye usebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane kubuncinci be-larvae. Ngokubanzi, oomatshini bokuchumisa okanye ukusasazeka kwencwadi yezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane. Emva kweentsuku ezintathu, i-hay enobungozi iya kususwa kwaye i-IREA iya kuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukukhula kuya kuqalisa kwakhona emva kweveki. Isichumisi kunye nolawulo lwamanzi ngexesha elihamba kancinci kufuneka lomelezwe kunokuba kwixesha elinempumelelo, kwaye ukuchumisa okungaphezulu kwengca kunyuswe. Kungcono ukulawula inani leI-Lawn Sheng amaxesha ngamaxesha angama-7-8 ngonyaka.
I-4. Ulawulo lwenqanaba lokuphelisa ingca
Ingca yaqala ukuphelisa iminyaka eli-10 kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokutyala, kwaye yaphangcazeka kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-15 emva kokutyala. Ulawulo lwamanzi, ukutshintsha amaxesha omileyo kunye nemanzi, kwaye kuthintele i-terloging, kungenjalo kuya kwandula ukubola kweengcambu kwaye kufa. Ukomeleza uhlolo kunye nokuthintela izinambuzane kunye nezifo. Ngeli xesha, isichumisi esingakumbi kufuneka songezwe. Izichumisi ezikhethekileyo ze-foliar ye-wilns zinokutshitshiswa kumagqabi ukuze zisebenze ngokupheleleyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zengqokelela. Izityalo zesondlo. Iindawo ezifileyo ezifihlayo zinokufakwa intlawulo ngokupheleleyo. Ingca engcolileyo iphinda iphinde iphinde ihlawulwe kancinci emva kokuba inqunyulwe, kwaye inani lamaxesha ingca inqunyulwe akufuneki idlule amaxesha ama-6 kulo lonke unyaka. Ukongeza, kuba eyona ngca iphambili incinci, ubukhula kulula ukukhula kwaye kufuneka bumbiwe ngexesha. Ulawulo kufuneka lomelezwe ngokupheleleyo ngeli xesha lokukulibazisa ngempumelelo ukonakaliswa kwengca.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-19-2024