Zininzi izinto ezenza kube nzima ukuba ingca ikhule kakuhle emthunzini: izityalo azifumani kukhanya kwelanga okwaneleyo ukuze zikhule kakuhle, izifo ezinxulumene neendawo ezimthunziweyo zinokuchaphazela izityalo ezigqume umhlaba ezingenalanga, kwaye ingca kufuneka ikhuphisane neengcambu zemithi ukuze ifumane amanzi kunye nezondlo.
Xa ukuxinana komhlaba okanye ukufunxwa kwamanzi okungekho semgangathweni kuphumela kwiinkqubo zeengcambu ezinganzulu, okanye eminye imithi izalwa ineenkqubo zeengcambu ezinganzulu, ezifana ne-silver maple, kunzima kakhulu ukukhuphisana neengcambu zemithi.
Ukuze ukhule ingca ngempumelelo emthunzini, kufuneka usebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zokulawula ezisetyenziswa ekukhuliseni ingca elangeni. Olunye uludwe olupapashiweyo lucebisa imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo kwaye lucebisa ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ingca ingakhuli khona.
Ukukhetha imbewu yengca
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugcineni ingca isempilweni kukukhetha imbewu yengca. Ukutyala iintlobo zengca ezifanelekileyo kunokwenza umahluko phakathi kwengca echumayo kunye neya kubuna ize ife nokuba ulumkile. Umzekelo, i-bluegrass, uhlobo lwengca oludumileyo, ayikhuli kakuhle kwiindawo ezinomthunzi. I-fescue ende entle inokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zomthunzi kodwa ayikwazi ukunyamezela ukunyathelwa kakhulu. I-bluegrass eleleyo kunye ne-bluegrass eneziqu ezixineneyo zifuna umhlaba omanzi ukuze ziphathwe kakuhle.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokugcina ingca yakho ichuma emthunzini kukukhetha umxube wembewu odibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinyamezela umthunzi kwaye usebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ukuya kwezine ezahlukeneyo zohlobo ngalunye kunye. Ezinye iintlobo ziyasinda kuba zinokukhula ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngelixa ezinye zikwazi ukumelana nezifo ngcono. Ukudibanisa iintlobo zengca kunceda ukuphelisa izifo okanye ukubola okubangelwa yimozulu kuyo yonke indawo.
Indlela umxube wembewu olungele ngayo indawo yakho ixhomekeke kubungakanani bomswakama okhoyo. Uninzi lwengca luhlwayelwa ngomxube weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca eluhlaza kwaye alufanelekanga ukutyalwa kwindawo enomthunzi. Ukuba kusetyenziswa umxube oqulethe ingca eluhlaza kunye nengca eluhlaza exutywe ne-fescue encinci, ingasetyenziswa kwiimeko zomthunzi.
Ulawulo lweendawo zokubeka ingca
2.1 Ukuchumisa
Iingca ezikhuliswe emthunzini azidingi zinongo zininzi kunengca ezikhuliswe elangeni. Iingca ezifumileyo azidingi ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezimbini zesichumiso senitrogen kwi-1,000 square feet ngonyaka. Iingca ezikhuliswe elangeni zisebenzisa malunga nesiqingatha sazo. Izichumiso ezisebenzayo zinokwenza ingca ibe buthathaka okanye zenze ingafumaneki kwizityalo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufaka isichumiso kuxa izityalo zakho zifuna izondlo kakhulu. Kukho amaxesha amathathu okufaka izichumiso: ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekupheleni kwehlobo kunye nokuphela kwekwindla. Isichumiso kufuneka sifakwe kabini ngexesha ngalinye lonyaka, kunye ne-1 pound yenitrogen kwi-1,000 square feet phakathi kukaMeyi kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo kwiveki yokugqibela ka-Agasti okanye kwiveki yokuqala kaSeptemba. Ishedyuli ibonelela ngengca esemgangathweni ongcono ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngokusebenzisa i-2/3 pound yesichumiso senitrogen kwi-1,000 square feet phakathi kukaMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, naphakathi ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha.
2.2 Ukuthena kunye nokuthuthwa
Kwingca ezikhula kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, kucetyiswa ukuphakama kwengca eziziisentimitha ezi-3-4. Olu bude buphezulu kancinci kunobude obucetyiswayo obuziisentimitha ezi-2(1/2)-3(1/2) kwiingca ezikhula elangeni. Kwiindawo ezinomthunzi nezinelanga, beka ubude bokusika ingca kwiisentimitha ezi-3-3 (1/2) ukuze kuhambelane ingca kuzo zombini iindawo.Ukusika ingcaUkuba imfutshane kakhulu kunokuphazamisa i-photosynthesis kwizicubu zamagqabi ezityalo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiingca ezikhula emthunzini kuba zinamagqabi ambalwa. Xa ucheba ingca yakho, kungcono ungayigcini ngaphezu kwesithathu sendlela edlula kwiincakuba. Kwingca enomthunzi, cheba ingca xa ifikelela kwiisentimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 ubude. Ukucheba ngaphezulu kwesithathu samagqabi kuya kuyimisa okwethutyana ukukhula kweengcambu kwaye kunciphise ukukhula kweengcambu zesityalo.
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thintela izithuthi eziya kwingca enomthunzi omninzi ukuze ikwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yayo entle kancinci. Ukuphakama kwee-intshi ezi-3-4 kukwanceda ekukhuseleni indawo ekhula kuyo isityalo ngokunciphisa umonakalo onxulumene nezithuthi ngokushiya amanye amagqabi ngasemva.
2.3 Abalawuli bokukhula
Abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo banokuwuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wengca kwiindawo ezinombala. Basebenza ngokucothisa ukwandiswa kwamagqabi, nto leyo enika izondlo ezingakumbi zokukhula kweengcambu. Emva kokuthelekisa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba izityalo ezinyangiweyo zazinombala omnyama, zinamagqabi aluhlaza kunye neenkqubo zeengcambu ezixineneyo, ngelixa izityalo ezinganyangwanga zazinamhlophe ongwevu, amagqabi anqabileyo kunye neenkqubo zeengcambu ezinganeleyo. Khangela izichumisi ezifanelekileyo kwimarike yezityalo kwiindawo ezinombala, kuquka nabalawuli bokukhula. Omnye umlawuli wokukhula osebenzayo, i-trinexapac-ethyl ingasetyenziswa ekunyamekeleni ingca ngobuchwephesha kunye nokwakheka kwendawo.
2.4 Ukunkcenkceshela
Iingca kufuneka zinkcenkceshelwe nge-intshi enye yamanzi qho ngeveki. Kwizityalo, ukunkcenkceshela kakuhle, ukuya kubunzulu obuziisentimitha ezi-5-6, kungcono kunokunkcenkceshela rhoqo. Iingca nemithi eneengcambu ezinzulu kufuneka zinkcenkceshelwe rhoqo kuba zisengozini enkulu yembalela. Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokuxinana komhlaba kuya kuchaphazela ukuba izityalo zakho zifuna amanzi angakanani. Umhlaba onesanti uqulathe amanzi amancinci kunee-loam kunye nodongwe, ngoko ke zifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo. Sebenzisa amanzi amancinci (malunga ne-1/2 intshi ngexesha) kumhlaba onesanti nongaxinenanga, kuba le mihlaba ayinakubamba amanzi afanayo nee-loam kunye nomhlaba oxineneyo.
Ukuze ubone ukuba uza kutshiza amanzi kangakanani kwindawo yakho, beka itini yekofu phantsi kwesifutho uze ujonge ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuzalisa ukuya kuthi ga kumlinganiselo ocetyiswayo. Uninzi lwezixhobo zokutshiza luthatha iiyure ezi-2 ukugubungela i-intshi enye yamanzi. Ukunkcenkceshela ingca yakho kusasa kuyinika ithuba lokoma imini yonke. Ukunkcenkceshela emva kwemini okanye ngokuhlwa kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo ngokwandisa ixesha amagqabi emanzi ngalo.
2.5 Izifo
Nokuba zikhula elangeni elipheleleyo, iingca ezisemthunzini zinokufa okanye zihlaselwe zizifo ezininzi ezibuthathaka ukukhula kwazo. Iindawo ezikumthunzi zineqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kakhulu, umoya omncinci uhamba kancinci, kunye nomswakama owandileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, emva kombethe, imvula okanye ukunkcenkceshela, ixesha lamanzi ahlala phezu kwamagqabi nalo liya kwandiswe. Ezi meko zikhuthaza ukukhula kweefungi ezininzi kwaye zibangela izifo zengca. Njengazo zonke izifo zengca, isisombululo esilungileyo kukutyala ingca enyamezela umthunzi kwaye utshintshe imeko-bume ngokusika imithi ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya nomoya. I-Powdery mildew yenye yezifo eziqhelekileyo zengca emthunzini. I-white, powdery fungus ibonakala lula xa ichaphazela amagqabi. I-fungus iphila kuphela phezu kwamagqabi kwaye ikhukulwa lula. I-Powdery mildew ezingcani ayinakubulawa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa inokuthintela ngokupheleleyo usulelo olunzima ukuba lubangele ukufa kwezityalo. I-Bluegrass isengozini enkulu yesi sifo kunezinye iintlobo zengca. Ezinye iifungicides ziphawulwe ukulawula i-powdery mildew, kodwa azincedi kangako kuba i-powdery mildew iphinda ibuye kwiintsuku ezisi-7-28. Ukunkcenkceshela ebusuku kufuneka kuthintelwe.
Ibala elimdaka, elikwabizwa ngokuba yi-powdery snow mold, lelinye isifo esiqhelekileyo somthunzi. Esi sikhunta sikhula ngcono kwiimeko ezipholileyo nezimanzi kwaye siyenzeka ngexesha lokukhula eWisconsin. I-hyphae yale sikhunta ngamanye amaxesha yenza amaqhekeza amancinci amhlophe ajika kancinci abe orenji engceni. Ukuhlasela okukhulu kunokubulala ingca yakho. Iifungicides zingasetyenziswa, kodwa ukhetho lwakho olungcono lolona lujolise kuzo zonke izifo kwiindawo ezinomthunzi: Sika imithi ukuze ivumele ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokuhamba komoya.
Ezinye izifo zinokuchaphazela ukukhula kwengca enomthunzi, kuquka amabala amagqabi (akwaziwa ngokuba ziimpethu okanye iimpethu), umhlwa, nokunye.
2.6 Umongo
I-Moss ibonisa iimeko ezingathandekiyo zokukhula kwengca. I-Moss ayithinteli ukukhula kwengca, kodwa iingca ziya kufa apho kukhula khona i-moss. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-moss kwiingca kukukhanya okugqithisileyo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuzala. Ngaphambi kokuba uphumelele ekumiseni ingca apho i-moss ikhula khona, kufuneka utshintshe indawo engqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inika ukukhanya okwaneleyo, ukufuma okufanelekileyo, kunye nokuchuma ukuze ingca ikhule.
三, ukhetho lwengca
Ezinye iindawo azilungele ukulima ingca: Kusenokungabikho ukukhanya okwaneleyo, okanye iingcambu zemithi ezininzi kakhulu zikhula kufutshane, okanye kunokubakho ukuxinana okukhulu okunokubangela ukufa kwezityalo. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, cinga ngokutyala ukhula kwezi ndawo endaweni yokwakha ingca. Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, sebenzisa amaxolo aqhekeziweyo okanye amatye amancinci. Kwezinye iindawo, cinga ngokutyala isigqubuthelo somhlaba esimelana nomthunzi.
Ukulawula imithi emthunzini
4.1 Thena imithi ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya nomoya
Enye indlela yokuphuculaukukhulisa ingca emthunzini kukusika imithi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhanya okungakumbi kudlule. Sika amasebe emithi evuthulukayo ubuncinane kwiimitha ezili-10 ukusuka emhlabeni. Le ndlela idla ngokusebenza kuphela kwimithi evuthulukayo; imithi ye-coniferous inokulahlekelwa ngumtsalane wayo ukuba amasebe ayo asezantsi anqunyulwe. Ukucheba kwandisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okufunyanwa yingca yakho kwaye kwandisa ukuhamba komoya, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wesifo. Ukucheba kuphumelela kakhulu xa kukho umthi omnye kuphela, kodwa kusenokungasebenzi xa kukho imithi emininzi emthunzini. Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokucheba ezichanekileyo kunokunciphisa izifo ezinokubakho. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqeshe ingcali ukuba ichebe umthi omkhulu okanye uya kulahlekelwa ngulo mthi ngenxa yomonakalo okanye isifo esibangelwa kukucheba okungafanelekanga.
4.2 Susa amagqabi awileyo
Iintsuku ezinelanga kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi ekwindla zibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwengca. Ukuba ingca igqunywe ngamagqabi awileyo ngeli xesha lokukhula libalulekileyo, isityalo asiyi kukwazi ukuvelisa nokugcina amandla aneleyo ebusika. Amagqabi awileyo ahlala esuswa okanye ehlanganiswa abe yimfumba kulo lonke ekwindla. Ukuba amagqabi awela ngokulinganayo engceni, ingca ayizukuvalwa ngokuqinileyo ngamagqabi awileyo.
4.3 Khusela iziqu zemithi kunye neengcambu xa usika
Ukonakala okubonakalayo kwisiqu okanye kwiingcambu kudala iindawo zokungena kwezifo ezinokubangela ukuba umthi ube buthathaka okanye ufe. Ukuthintela umonakalo obangelwa ngumsiki wengca, cinga ngokubeka i-mulch ejikeleze isiseko sesiqu somthi naphezu kweengcambu ezinganzulu. Ngaphambi kokugquma ingca, yitsale ingca ngesandla okanye uyibulale nge-herbicide engakhethiyo efana ne-glyphosate.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-01-2024