Ingca ingacoca umoya, ifunxe uthuli, ithintele ingxolo, imelane nongcoliseko kunye nokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi, inciphise ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, iphucule ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, inciphise imitha yelanga, ikhusele kwaye ibuyisele umbono, iluhlaza kwaye ihombise isixeko, kwaye iphucule i-ecology yasezidolophini. Indawo yengca iyanda rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ingca zasekhaya zihlala ziwohloka kwaye zishiywe zingasenamntu kwiminyaka emi-3-5, kwaye ezinye ingca zide zibe zishiywe zingasenamntu emva kokuba zimiselwe. Ubomi benkonzo yengca ngetekhnoloji yokulungisa egqibeleleyo kwamanye amazwe bungaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10-15. Isizathu kukuba itekhnoloji yokulungisa ingca yelizwe lam ayivuthwanga ngokwaneleyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yeendlela zokulungisa ezingafanelekanga okanye ezilibazisekileyo ezifana nokuthena, ukufaka umgquba, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Amanqaku aphambili ukugcinwa kwengcakunye neendlela zolawulo zichazwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi.
1. Ukuthena
Nokuba ukucheba utyani yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni utyani. Ukuba utyani alunqunyulwanga ngexesha, inxalenye ephezulu yesiqu ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imisela imbewu, nto leyo ethintela kwaye ichaphazele ukukhula kwengca enganyamezeliyo kwinxalenye esezantsi, ijika ibe yindawo engenanto.
Ixesha lokucheba ingca lidla ngokuba liqala ngoMatshi ukuya kuNovemba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukucheba ebusika obufudumeleyo. Ukuphakama kokucheba ingca ngokubanzi kulandela umgaqo we-1/3. Ukucheba kokuqala kwenziwa xa ingca iphakame nge-10-12cm, kwaye ukuphakama kweengca kuyi-6-8cm. Inani lamaxesha ocheba ngawo lixhomekeke ekubeni ingca yakho ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ingca zangaphandle ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zichetywa ngaphezu kwe-10 okanye kwanamakhulu eminyaka ngonyaka. Ngokwesiqhelo ngoMeyi-Juni lixesha apho ingca ikhula ngamandla kakhulu. Ichetywa ka-1-2 rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10, kwaye ka-1-2 rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-10-15 ngamanye amaxesha. Ingca ichetywe kaninzi. Ayinazo nje kuphela iirhizomes eziphuhlileyo kunye nokukwazi ukugquma okuqinileyo, kodwa ikwanazo nokuphakama okuphantsi, amagqabi amancinci kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokuhombisa.
Xa ucheba ingca, imicu yokusika kufuneka ilingane kwaye icala kufuneka litshintshwe ngalo lonke ixesha ucheba. Ngexesha lembalela, ungabeka ingca echetyiweyo engceni ukuze iphole, kodwa ayinakushiywa ixesha elide, kungenjalo ingca iya kuthamba lula, ikhule kancinci kwaye ivelise iintsholongwane. Imiphetho yengca ngokubanzi ichetywa ngesikere ukuze ihlale ibukeka intle.
2. Ukuchumisa
Ukuchumisa lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni ingca. Okukhona ingca ichetywa rhoqo, kokukhona izondlo ezininzi zisuswa emhlabeni, ngoko ke izondlo ezaneleyo kufuneka zizaliswe kwakhona ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhula. Ukuchumisa ingca ngokubanzi kusekelwe kwizichumisi ze-nitrogen kunye nezichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besichumisi yi-28-12kg kwi-667m2 nganye, oko kukuthi, i-15-18g/m2. Ubuninzi bokuchumisa buyahluka ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca. Ngokubanzi, ingca kufuneka ichumiswe amaxesha asi-7-8 ngonyaka.
3. Ukunkcenkceshela
Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca yotshani, ukumelana kwazo nembalela kwahlukile kancinci. Ngexesha lokukhula kwazo ngamandla, zonke zifuna amanzi aneleyo. Ke ngoko, ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha elifanelekileyo yenye indlela yokugcina ingca ilungile. Ngokubanzi, ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu nelokubalela, nkcenkceshela kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-5-7 kusasa nangokuhlwa ukuze ufumise iingcambu ukuya kwi-10-15cm. Ukunkcenkceshela kwezinye iimeko zonyaka kufanelekile ukukhusela iingcambu zomhlaba nokugcina umswakama othile. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukutshiza ngeendlela ezininzi endaweni yokunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler xa unkcenkceshela ukuze ugcine ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo, wonge amanzi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ususe uthuli kumphezulu wengca.
4. Imingxunya yokubhobozakwaye uwele umhlaba ukuze uphefumle umhlaba
Amasimi omhlaba kufuneka agqojwe kwaye afakwe umoya ka-1-2 ngonyaka. Sebenzisa umatshini wokugrumba kwiindawo ezinkulu zengca. Emva kokugrumba umngxuma, gcwalisa ingca ngesanti, uze usebenzise i-toothrack okanye i-broom eqinileyo ukuze utshayele isanti ngokulinganayo ukuze isanti ingene nzulu emngxunyeni ukuze kugcinwe isibindi kwaye kuphuculwe ukuvuza kwamanzi emhlabeni onzulu. Ubukhulu bomaleko wesanti kumphezulu wengca akufuneki budlule kwi-0.5cm. Ukuze kungene umoya kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neengca ezithambileyo, sebenzisa ifolokhwe yokumba ukumba iifolokhwe kumgama kunye nobunzulu be-8-10cm. Iifolokhwe kufuneka zingene zize ziphume ngqo ukuze zingavelisi amagada omhlaba. Iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeefolokhwe zinokutshintshwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, kwaye iifosholo nazo zingasetyenziselwa umsebenzi. Xa ucheba, ezinye iinkqubo zeengcambu zengca zinganqunyulwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu okunamandla. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokugrumba imingxuma kunye nokunqumla umhlaba ukuze kungene umoya kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo minyaka le.
5. Susa ukhula
Xa ususa ukhula, yiba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngemigaqo "yokususa ukhula kwangethuba", "ukususa ukhula" kunye "nokususa ukhula". Sebenzisa imela xa ubungakanani buncinci, uze ugrumbe ngefosholo xa ubungakanani bukhulu kwaye buxineneyo, uze ulungelelanise umhlaba ngaphambi kokuba utyale kwakhona. Futha ngemini ezolileyo nenelanga, xa ubushushu bungcono bungaphezulu kwama-25°C. Ngeli xesha, isiphumo sesiyobisi sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye umthamo ungancitshiswa ngesiqingatha. Izibulali-zinambuzane zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa zixutywe kakuhle. Kodwa lumka ukuze ungaphindi ubuye.
6. Ulawulo lwezifo kunye nezinambuzane
Uninzi lwezifo zengca yifungi, ezifana nokugqwala, i-powdery mildew, i-sclerotinia, i-anthracnose, njl. Zihlala zikhona kwiingcambu zezityalo ezifileyo, iziqu kunye namagqabi emhlabeni. Xa zidibana neemeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, ziya kosulela kwaye zonakalise ingca, zibangele ukuba ukukhula kwengca kuthintelwe, okubangela ukuba ijike ibe tyheli okanye ife kwiindawo ezisikiweyo. Iindlela zokuthintela nokulawula zihlala ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-fungicides ukuthintela okanye unyango olusekelwe kwiindlela zosulelo lwesifo. Ngexesha lokulawula, ingca kufuneka inqunyulwe kancinci ize itshizwe.
7. Ukuhlaziywa, ukuvuselelwa kunyeukuqengqeleka komhlaba
Ukuba ingca ibonakala inempandla okanye ifile kancinci, kufuneka ivuselelwe ngexesha. Oko kukuthi, xa ufaka isichumiso ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekupheleni kwekwindla, xuba imbewu yengca ehlumileyo kunye nesichumiso uze uzifafaze ngokulinganayo kwingca, okanye sebenzisa isitovu ukusika imingxuma kwingca rhoqo kwi-20cm kwaye ufake isichumiso. Yongeza umgquba ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezintsha. Ukuba akukho mhlaba kunye nokuvuza kweengcambu okubangelwa kukuthena rhoqo, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokucoca umaleko wengca eyomileyo, umhlaba kufuneka wongezwe kwaye ugoqwe ngexesha lokuhluma kwengca okanye emva kokuthena, ngesiqhelo kube kanye ngonyaka, kwaye ukugoqa kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kunasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kokuba umhlaba unyibilikile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-06-2024