Ukugcinwa nokulawulwa kwengca

1. Ukunkcenkceshela

Ukunkcenkceshela yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokulungisa ingca. Kwingca, ukunkcenkceshela akupheleli nje ekunciphiseni "imbalela" kwaye kukhuthaza ukubola nokufunxwa kwezondlo, kodwa kuphucula nokuxhathisa ukunyathela kunye nokuguguleka kwezityalo zengca, kukhawulezise ukubuyiselwa kwengca, kukhuthaza ingca ukuba ibe luhlaza kwangethuba, kulibazise ukutyheli, kwaye kwandisa ukuluhlaza kunye nokubukela. Kukwanceda iintlobo zengca ezibandayo ukuba zisinde ehlotyeni ngokukhuselekileyo. Ixesha kunye nokuphindaphindeka kokunkcenkceshela ingca kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwendawo kunye nexesha. EMantla eTshayina, xa ubushushu bomhlaba bufikelela kwi-4-8°C, iingcambu zengca ebandayo ziqala ukukhula, kwaye emva koko amagqabi akhula. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-15°C, ukukhula kukhawuleza, kwaye xa ubushushu buhlala malunga ne-27°C, buhlala bungalali. Ingca ifuna amanzi amaninzi ukususela ngexesha iqala ukuba luhlaza, ukusuka ekukhuleni okunamandla ukuya ekungalali ehlotyeni. Ke ngoko, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ka-1-2 ngeveki ngeli xesha ukugcina umhlaba umanzi. Kwingca ekhula rhoqo, amanzi angena emanzini kufuneka agalelwe kanye entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhluma kwaye emva kwekwindla xa ukukhula sele kuza kuyeka. Zibizwa ngokuba ngamanzi asentwasahlobo kunye namanzi aqandisiweyo ngokulandelanayo. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekukhuleni konyaka wonke kunye nokukhusela utyani lwesikhumba ebusika.

2. Faka isichumiso

Nangona izityalo zengca zimelana nokungazali, ukuchumisa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagqabi engca aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye akhula kakuhle, ukukhuthaza ukukhula okulinganayo, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana kwengca nokhula kunye nokumelana nokunyathelwa. Ukongeza ekufakeni isichumiso sendalo xa kusakhiwa ingca,ilokhwe ephezulukufuneka kwenziwe ka-1-2 ngexesha lokukhula rhoqo ngonyaka. I-top dressing ikakhulu isebenzisa izichumisi zeekhemikhali, ikakhulu izichumisi ze-nitrogen. Umzekelo, i-urea ifakwa malunga ne-2 kg kwi-667 square metres nganye. Ingasasazwa ngqo engceni ize inkcenkceshelwe, okanye ingasasazwa engceni ngaphambi kokuba imvula ifike kancinci.

3. Ukuthena

Ukuthena, okwaziwa ngokuba kukusika okanye ukuqengqeleka, ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokugcina ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nenkangeleko entle yengca. Isebenzisa amandla okuvuselela aqinileyo ezityalo zengca ukuze zinqumle kubude obuthile ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweendawo ezivuselelweyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukuhluma, ukwandisa uxinano lwamagqabi, kunye nokugcina ingca isezantsi kwaye icocekile ngomphezulu othe tyaba. Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphakama kokucheba kuchaphazela izinto ezifana nenqanaba lolawulo, uhlobo lwengca, iintlobo zengca, ubushushu, kunye nommandla. Ukuba ingca inomgangatho ophezulu wokugcinwa kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchumisa, kuya kufuneka inqunyulwe rhoqo, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Iintlobo ezinamagqabi amakhulu kufuneka zinqunyulwe rhoqo kuneentlobo ezinamagqabi amancinci. Emantla, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ingca ikhula kancinci, kwaye ingca inqunyulwe kancinci kunasemazantsi. Ukuphakama kokucheba kufuneka kugcinwe kuphantsi kangangoko, ngokubanzi yi-4-6 cm kwiingca zokuhombisa kwaye kungabi ngaphezu kwe-8 cm kwiingca eziqhelekileyo. Emva kokuba ukuphakama kokucheba kwengca kumiselwe, kufuneka kunqunyulwe ngexesha apho ukuphakama kokucheba kwengca kudlula i-1/3 yokuphakama kokucheba. Ukuba akukho ntsalela ingako emva kokuthenwa, ingashiywa engceni ize ibole ukuze kwandiswe umxholo wezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ukuba iingcambu namagqabi amaninzi anqunyulwe aze ashiywe engceni, aya kuchaphazela imbonakalo yengca kwaye abangele izifo zengca, ngoko ke kufuneka asuswe.

4. Susa ukhula

Ukhula lolona tshaba luphambili lokukhula kwengca. Nje ukuba lungene, luya kuchaphazela umgangatho wengca, lubangele ukuba ingca ilahlekelwe yimbonakalo yayo yokuqala kunye nembonakalo entle, nto leyo eya kuthintela ukubukwa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, luya kuchaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwengca, lubangele ukuba ingca ife ibe ziingceba kwaye ibe yintlango. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokukhuhla ukhula: enye kukususa ukhula ngesandla. Sebenzisa imela ukumba ukhula kwingca yakho kwaye ususe zonke iingcambu. Eyesibini kukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala ukhula amakhemikhali. Xa uyisebenzisa, uhlobo lweyeza lokubulala ukhula kufuneka lukhethwe ngokohlobo lwengca, kwaye ububanzi kunye nomthamo weyeza lokubulala ukhula kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo.

5. Yongeza umhlaba

Ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe ngumntu, ingca ayinanto kwaye iingcambu zengca ziyavezwa, ngoko ke kufuneka yonyuswe minyaka le ukuze kube lula ukuphinda kuvele imbewu yengca. Yongeza umhlaba omninzi rhoqo ebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwaye wongeze umhlaba ube bukhulu obuyi-0.5-1.0 cm ngalo lonke ixesha. Akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu, kungenjalo kuya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwamahlumela. Ukongeza umhlaba kunokudityaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi eziphilayo. Okokuqala kukuphucula umhlaba kunye nokwandisa ukuchuma komhlaba; okwesibini kukuthintela ukukhukuliseka kwamanzi kunye nomhlaba kunye nokwandisa ukuthamba kunye nobuhle bengca.

6. Ukuqengqeleka

Xa idityaniswe nokugrumba okungaphelelanga, umhlaba wengca uyakhenkcezwa ebusika, kwaye iingcambu zengca zihlala zahlulwe emhlabeni kwaye zibekwe emhlabeni, kwaye zinokufa lula xa zibekwe elangeni. Ke ngoko, ingca idla ngokuqengqeleka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo xa ukufuma komhlaba kuphakathi ngaphambi kokuba umhlaba unyibilike ude ukhule. IngcaUkuqengqelekaAyinakudibanisa kuphela iirhizomes zengca ekhululekileyo nomhlaba ongaphantsi, kodwa ikwaphucula ukuguda kwengca. Ukucinezela kudla ngokudityaniswa nokongeza umhlaba. Ukugoba okuncinci kunokuphucula ukuvuleka komhlaba kwaye kuncede ingca ifunxe amanzi kunye nesichumiso.

7. Ukuthintela izifo ezinzulu kunye nokwenzakala

⑴Isifo

①Uphawu oluphambili lomhlwa kukuveliswa kwezilonda ezibomvu-mdaka okanye imivimbo kwiziqu namagqabi, ezithi kamva zibe mdaka mnyama. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-spores zomhlwa ziqala ukusasazeka ngo-Epreli, ziqale zivele kumagqabi, zize zikhule ziye kwisityalo sonke ehlotyeni. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ingca inobuna ize ife kwiindawo ezinkulu. Indlela yokuthintela nokulawula kukuqala ngokuthintela ukufaka isichumiso se-nitrogen ehlotyeni, kwaye eyesibini kukusebenzisa iindlela zeekhemikhali ukuyithintela nokuyilawula.

⑵Izinambuzane

① Esi sinambuzane sibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiingca. Sitya iingcambu zengca kunye neziqu, siphazamise ukufumaneka kwamanzi kwisityalo, kwaye sibangele ukuba iingcambu kunye namagqabi ajike abe tyheli aze afe. ​​Iindlela zokuthintela nokulawula ziquka ukubulala ngokukhanya okumnyama, ukubamba ulwelo olumnandi nolumuncu, kunye nokutshiza nge-40% yeLesbon ephindwe ka-1000. ② I-loctune enentloko etsolo ihlafuna amagqabi kunye neziqu ezithambileyo. Xa ukwenzeka kukubi, zonke iingcambu kunye namagqabi ziya kutyiwa. Umonakalo unzima kakhulu ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Agasti. Indlela yokulawula kukutshiza i-0.5 kg ye-trichlorfon okanye i-dichlorvos ngehektare nganye nge-500 kg yamanzi. Ungagxila nabasebenzi ukuze ubulale kusasa. ③ Iintshulube ezincinci zitya kuphela iingcambu ezincinci kunye namagqabi, zithintela ulwando ukuba lukhule ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, izityalo zinokufa zibe ziingceba ezinkulu. Indlela yokulawula kukusebenzisa i-50% yeDianon EC, i-50 ukuya kwi-100 ml nge-mu, okanye i-25% ye-carbaryl wettable powder, i-200 ukuya kwi-250 ml nge-mu.