Ukugcinwa kwengca – indlela yokwakha ingca entle neyanelisayo

1. Khetha uhlobo lwengca
Ukukhetha ingca elungileyo linyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo ukuya kwingca ephumelelayo. Ukuba usemantla, ungakhetha ingca yexesha elipholileyo (i-bluegrass, i-fescue ende, i-ryegrass, i-red fescue, i-bentgrass, njl.njl.); ukuba usemazantsi, ungakhetha ingca yexesha elifudumeleyo (i-Cyperus dentata, ingca yaseBahia, i-Zoysia japonica kunye ne-Dianthus chinensis, njl.njl.). Imimandla yaseJiangsu, eZhejiang naseShanghai apho sikhoyo ziindawo eziguqukayo, kwaye zombini iingca zexesha elipholileyo nezexesha elifudumeleyo zingakhiwa, kodwa zombini zineziphene zazo ezicacileyo. Lo ngumgaqo nje jikelele, awungomthetho omiselweyo. Enyanisweni, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yokufuya namhlanje, iintlobo ezininzi zineempawu ezintle kakhulu. Uninzi lwexesha elipholileyoingca yengcaZiyakwazi ukumelana nembalela nobushushu, ngoko ke kuqhelekile ukubona ingca echumayo, exineneyo, nenemibala epholileyo emazantsi. Ukuba awuyithandi ingca enombala omnye, yongeza i-clover yestrawberry, i-clover emhlophe okanye umda omnye okanye emininzi yeentyatyambo zasendle, iintyatyambo zazo ezintle ziya kwenza ingca yakho ibe ntle ngakumbi.

II. Ukulungiswa kwebhedi yengca ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe
1. Ukucocwa kwendawo Susa ilitye elimdaka kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka kumphezulu womhlaba (ngaphezulu kwe-30 cm) ukuze ufumane indawo evulekileyo, ephefumlayo, ethe tyaba, nefunxwa kakuhle efanelekileyo yokukhula kwengca. Ukuba kukho iintsalela kunye neengcambu ezingaphantsi komhlaba zezityalo ezinemithi, kufuneka zisuswe. Ukuthintela iingcambu eziseleyo ukuba zingaboli kwaye zenze imingxunya.

2. Ukususwa kokhula Ukuze kwakhiwe ingca ephumelelayo, ingxaki yosulelo lokhula kufuneka isonjululwe. Ngaphandle koko, ezo ngca zonyaka okanye ezihlala ixesha elide, ii-sedges, kunye ne-legume kunye nokhula lwe-convolvulaceae zinokugquma ingca elungileyo kunyaka omnye okanye emibini. Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula aphambili: ukukhupha ukhula ngoomatshini (kubandakanya ukuthena rhoqo, ukususa ukhula ngesandla, kunye nokuhlakula ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwengca) kunye nokususa ukhula ngeekhemikhali kunye nokufutha umhlaba. Ukususa ukhula olusetyenziswa rhoqo luquka ukubulala ukhula olukhethiweyo (2,4-D butyl, 2-methyltetrachloride, dicamba) kunye nokubulala ukhula okungakhethiyo (glyphosate, paraquat). Ukususa ukhula emhlabeni kunokubulala izondlo zokhula kunye nezinambuzane emhlabeni. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-methyl bromide, chloropicrin, dazomethane, njl.njl., kwaye ukhuseleko kufuneka luqwalaselwe xa lusetyenziswa.

3. Lungisa ixabiso le-pH yomhlaba. Ngokubanzi, imihlaba enexabiso le-pH eliyi-6-7 ifanelekile kwiingca ezininzi. Kubalulekile ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH (ixabiso le-pH) yomhlaba one-asidi eninzi okanye one-alkaline engaphezulu. Amanyathelo okulungisa ngala alandelayo: khetha iintlobo zengca yengca enganyangekiyo okanye enganyangekiyo ene-alkali kwaye wongeze i-lead sulfate ukuze wehlise ixabiso le-pH; yongeza ilayimu okanye i-superphosphate ukuze wonyuse ixabiso le-pH

4. Ukuchumisa. Ubungakanani obuthile besichumisi sendalo kufuneka bongezwe kumhlaba ohlwempuzekileyo ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwengca yotshani. Umgquba, umgquba, kunye nepeat zonke zizichumisi zendalo ezilungileyo. Ngokweemeko zendawo okuyo, ilindle lomntu, umgquba oluhlaza, udaka lwamagqabi, kunye nezinye izichumisi zendalo okanye izichumisi ze-N, P, K nazo zingasetyenziswa njengezichumisi ezisisiseko.

5. Ukulima nokulinganisa ubungakanani obukhuluukwakhiwa kwengcangokubanzi iqhutywa ngoomatshini abakhulu. Iingca ezincinci zisetyenziswa ngesandla ngeegeja, iireki, kunye neereki ezineespike. Ngokweemfuno zomhlaba, zilungelelaniswe zibe yimo yendalo. Ibala lemidlalo kufuneka liphakanyiswe embindini ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa amanzi ukusuka embindini ukuya kwiindawo ezingqongileyo.

6. Yakha inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela kunye nokufunxa amanzi. Ukubekwa kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela kunye nokufunxa amanzi kudla ngokuba "kulungelelaniswe" ngenxa yezizathu zeendleko. Enyanisweni, ingca elungileyo, ingakumbi ingca yebala lemidlalo, njengebala legalufa kunye nengca yebala lebhola ekhatywayo, yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwengca.