Ingca yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wokwenza uhlaza, kwaye ukugqunywa kwengca yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuvavanya inqanaba lokwenziwa uhlaza lwanamhlanje. Izityalo zokufaka uhlaza ikakhulu zibhekisa kwizityalo eziphantsi ezigubungela umhlaba. Zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza indawo enkulu yengca ethe tyaba okanye enamaza amancinci. Zezinye zeemeko ezibalulekileyo eziphawula imeko-bume yokwenza uhlaza kunye nenqanaba lokwenziwa uhlaza. Ingca ayisiyondawo nje yokuba abantu baphumle kwaye bayityelele kwiipaki, kwiigadi, kwizikwere, ezitalatweni, kwiizoo, kwiigadi zezityalo, kwiipaki zokuzonwabisa, kwizikolo, kwizibhedlele, njl.njl., kodwa ingasetyenziselwa amabala emidlalo, kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, kumadama, kwimilambo, koololiwe, kwiindlela ezinkulu, nakwindawo yokukhusela amathambeka. Zizityalo eziphezulu ezinomhlaba olungileyo.
Ukukhetha umgangatho wengca
Ukhetho lweuhlaza lwengcainxulumene neemeko zendawo yokutyala, iimpawu zokusebenza kwengca kunye nemikhwa yendalo yeentlobo zengca. Ukuba ingca ingasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zayo zokusebenza kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo neentlobo zengca ezikhethiweyo. Ke ngoko, ezi nkalo zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa iintlobo zengca: ① Iintlobo zengca ezizivumelanisa neemeko zendalo zasekuhlaleni, kulula ukuzivelisa, zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zigcina amagqabi aluhlaza aqaqambileyo ixesha elide unyaka wonke. ② Uhlobo lwengca oluhlala ixesha elide olumelana nokuthenwa nokunyathelwa, kwaye lunamandla okukhuphisana nokhula. ③ Amandla aqinileyo okuzivumelanisa neemeko ezimbi, ukumelana nembalela, ukuxinana kwamanzi, iigesi ezinobungozi, izinambuzane nezifo, ukungazali, njl. ④ Ngokweemeko zokugcina nokulawula, zama ukukhetha iintlobo zengca ezinezityalo ezimfutshane, amagqabi amancinci, ukukhula okuhlala ixesha elide, kunye nombala omhle wamagqabi.
Ukulungisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokutyala
Ngaphambi kokubeka ingca, umhlaba okwindawo kufuneka uphuculwe kwaye kufuneka kulungiswe inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kunye nokunkcenkceshela. Ekuqaleni kokusekwa kwengca, kufuneka kususwe ukhula kwaye zonke iithayile, ilitye elimdaka kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka kufuneka zisuswe kwindawo. Ingca kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokuzalisa okuphezulu kunye nokuzalisa okuncinci. Izityalo zengca zingca ezisezantsi ezingenazo iingcambu ezixineneyo kunye nokusasazeka kweengcambu ezingaphantsi. Zama ukwenza ubukhulu bomhlaba bube malunga ne-40 cm, kungcono kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-30 cm. Ukuba umhlaba ufunyenwe kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni, Ukuba umaleko awulunganga okanye kukho umhlaba oxubene kakhulu, umhlaba kufuneka utshintshwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanayo kwengca. Xa ulungisa umhlaba, ungasebenzisa isichumisi esisisiseko, njengomgquba, umgquba, ipeat kunye nezinye izichumisi eziphilayo, uze uhlakule kube kanye, uze ulinganise umhlaba ukuze uphephe ukuqokelelana kwamanzi. Umphezulu wengca othe tyaba ofanelekileyo kufuneka ube phezulu kancinci embindini kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uthambekele emacaleni okanye emacaleni. Ingca ejikeleze isakhiwo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-5 cm kunesiseko uze uthambekele ngaphandle. Iingca apho umhlaba wome kakhulu okanye amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aphezulu kakhulu okanye apho kukho amanzi amaninzi kakhulu, kunye neengca ezikwibala lemidlalo, kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngemibhobho efihlakeleyo okanye imisele evulekileyo yokukhupha amanzi. Indawo yokukhupha amanzi epheleleyo yinkqubo yemibhobho efihliweyo eqhagamshelwe kumphezulu wamanzi okhululekileyo okanye kwinethiwekhi yemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokuba indawo ilinganiswe ngokupheleleyo, inethiwekhi yemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ye-sprinkler nayo kufuneka igqunywe.
Kwenziwa kanjaniingca yezityalo
1.1 Indlela yokutyala
Ifanelekile kwiintlobo zengca ezinembewu eninzi kwaye kulula ukuyiqokelela, njengengca ye-buffalo, i-fescue ende, ingca ye-zoysia, i-carex, i-bluegrass, i-clover, ingca yaseManila, njl.njl., ezinokusasazwa ngembewu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlwayelwa ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo, ingahlwayelwa nasehlotyeni, kodwa uninzi lwembewu yengca luhluma kakubi kwimozulu eshushu. Ngokwesiqhelo, imbewu yengca yexesha elifudumeleyo ihlwayelwa entwasahlobo kwaye ingahlwayelwa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo; imbewu yengca yexesha elipholileyo ihlwayelwa ekwindla. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuhluma, imbewu enzima ukuhluma kufuneka iphathwe ngaphambi kokuba ihlwayelwe. Ingacwiliswa kwisisombululo se-0.5% NaOH iiyure ezingama-24, ihlanjwe ngamanzi kwaye yomiswe ngaphambi kokuba ihlwayelwe. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukuhluma kunye nokuhluma kakuhle, njengembewu ye-zoysia. Ukongeza, ukuba uboya bembewu yengca yegusha bungenamoya ufanelekileyo, yihlambe ngamanzi acocekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ityalwe. Ukuhlwayela imbewu kubandakanya ukuhlwayela okukodwa kunye nokuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo kweentlobo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Xa kuhlwayelwa yodwa, ubungakanani kufuneka bumiselwe ngokusekelwe kwimbewu yengca, izinga lokuhluma kwembewu, njl. Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo yi-10-20 g/m2. Ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo kukuxuba ezinye imbewu ngokugubungela ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba imbewu esisiseko yenze ingca, njenge-85% ukuya kwi-90% ye-bluegrass kunye ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% ye-bentgrass.
1.2 Indlela yokutyala isiqu
Indlela yokutyala isiqu ingasetyenziselwa iintlobo zengca ezichaphazeleka lula zizifo ezifana ne-dogroot, ingca yekhaphethi, i-zoysia tenuifolia, ingca erhubuluzayo eqhotsiweyo, njl. Le ndlela kukufaka ingca eyomileyo eqhotsiweyo, ukushukumisa umhlaba onamathele kwiingcambu okanye ukuwuhlambulula ngamanzi, uze emva koko usasaze iingcambu okanye uzinqumle zibe ngamacandelo amafutshane angama-5 ukuya kwi-10 cm ubude, apho inxalenye nganye inobuncinci iqhuma elinye. Yandlala amacandelo amancinci esiqu ngokulinganayo emhlabeni, uze ugqume ngomhlaba ocolekileyo malunga ne-1 cm ubukhulu, ucinezele kancinci, kwaye utshize amanzi ngoko nangoko. Ukususela ngoku, tshiza amanzi kube kanye ngemini kusasa nangokuhlwa, kwaye unciphise kancinci inani lamanzi atshizwayo emva kokuba iingcambu zimile iingcambu. Iziqu zingahlwayelwa entwasahlobo xa imbewu yengca iqala ukuhluma, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba ekwindla, kuba kuthatha iinyanga ezi-3 ukuhlwayela entwasahlobo, kunye neenyanga ezi-2 zokuhlwayela ekwindla ukugubungela umhlaba.
1.3 Indlela yokutyala ngokwahlulahlula
Emva kokufaka utshani ngefosholo, khulula izihlahla ngononophelo uze uzityale kwimingxunya okanye kwimicu kumgama othile. Ukuba iZoysia tenuifolia ityalwe yodwa, ingatyalwa kwimicu kumgama we-30 ukuya kwi-40 cm. Kwi-1 m2 nganye yengca etyaliweyo, ingatyalwa i-30 ukuya kwi-50 m2. Emva kokutyala, yicinezele kwaye uyinkcenkceshele ngokupheleleyo. Kwixesha elizayo, lumka ungawomisi umhlaba kwaye uqinise ulawulo. Emva kokutyala, ingca ingagqunywa ngumhlaba emva kweminyaka emi-2. Ukuba ufuna ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze utshani, nciphisa umgama phakathi kwemicu.
1.4 Indlela yokusasaza
Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela kukuba inokwenza ingca ngokukhawuleza, ingenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye kulula ukuyilawula emva kokutyala. Nangona kunjalo, ibiza kakhulu kwaye ifuna imithombo yengca eninzi. Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe zezi zilandelayo.
(1) Indlela yokugalela ingca evaliweyo. Indlela yokugubungela umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokushiya izithuba. Sika ingca ibe yimicu emide, ububanzi obuyi-25 ukuya kwi-30 cm kunye nobukhulu obuyi-4 ukuya kwi-5 cm. Akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu ukuze ingabi nzima kakhulu. Xa usika ingca, beka ibhodi yomthi enobubanzi obuthile engceni, uze uyinqumle ngefosholo yengca ecaleni komphetho webhodi yomthi. Xa ubeka ingca, kufuneka kushiywe umgama we-1 ukuya kwi-2 cm kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo zengca. Umphezulu wengca ungacinezelwa kwaye uthambe ngetyhubhu ukuze wenze umphezulu wengca kunye nomphezulu womhlaba ojikelezileyo ube semgangathweni. Ngale ndlela, ingca kunye nomhlaba zisondelelene, zikhuselwe kwimbalela, kwaye ingca kulula ukuyikhulisa. Isodi kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi nasemva kokuyibeka.
(2) Indlela yokugalela phakathi. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ngokubanzi zokugalela. Eyokuqala kukusebenzisa i-turf engunxande, egalelwe kwaye ijikeleziswe, kunye nomgama we-3 ukuya kwi-6 cm phakathi kweqhekeza ngalinye, kwaye indawo egalelweyo ithatha i-1/3 yendawo iyonke. Enye kukuba iqhekeza ngalinye le-turf lihlelwe ngokwahlukeneyo, limile njengentyatyambo ye-plum, kwaye indawo yokutyala yi-1/2 yendawo iyonke. Xa kutyalwa, indawo apho i-turf ityalwe khona kufuneka imbiwe ngokwe-size ye-turf ukuze kwenziwe i-turf kunye nomphezulu womhlaba. Nje ukuba ingca ibekwe, ingacinywa ize inkcenkceshelwe. Umzekelo, xa kutyalwa entwasahlobo, ii-stolons ziya kukhula kuzo zonke iindlela emva kwexesha lemvula, kwaye i-turf iya kudityaniswa ngokusondeleyo.
(3) Indlela yokusasaza izinto. Sika utshani ube yimicu emide enobubanzi obuyi-6 ukuya kwi-12 cm uze utyale isithuba semigca esizii-20 ukuya kwi-30 cm. Utshani obubekwe ngale ndlela bunokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo emva kwesiqingatha sonyaka. Ulawulo emva kokutyala lufana nendlela yokudibanisa utshani.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-31-2024