Ingca yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zesikwere, kwaye umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkangeleko iyonke yesikwere. Nokuba ukuthena yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwengca. Ukuba ingca ayithenwanga ngexesha, inxalenye ephezulu yesiqu sayo iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iya kuhluma imbewu, nto leyo eya kuthintela kwaye ichaphazele ukukhula kwengca engaphantsi enganyangekiyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo engenanto.
Iukuthena ingcaIxesha liqhele ukuba liqala ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba. Ukuphakama kokuthenwa kwengca ngokubanzi kulandela umgaqo we-1/3. Ukuthenwa kokuqala kwenziwa xa ingca iphakame nge-10 cm ukuya kwi-12 cm, kwaye ukuphakama kweengca kungama-6 cm ukuya kwi-8 cm. Inani lokuthenwa lixhomekeke kwisantya sokukhula kwengca. Ngokwesiqhelo uJuni ukuya kuJulayi lelona xesha linamandla lokukhula kwengca, isihlandlo esinye ukuya kwezimbini rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10, kunye nesihlandlo esinye ukuya kwezimbini emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 ngamanye amaxesha. Emva kokuthenwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ingca ayigcini nje ngokuba neerhizomes eziphuhlileyo kunye nokukwazi ukugquma okuqinileyo, kodwa ikwaphantsi, amagqabi abhityile, kwaye ixabiso lokuhombisa liphezulu.
Xa kuthenwa ingca, ibhanti yokuthena kufuneka ilingane, kwaye icala lokuthena kufuneka litshintshwe ngalo lonke ixesha. Umphetho wengca udla ngokuchetywa ngesikere ukuze kugcinwe ubuhle bayo.
Ukuchumisa yenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokugcinwa kwengca. Okukhona ingca ichetywa rhoqo, kokukhona izondlo ezininzi zisuswa emhlabeni. Ke ngoko, izondlo ezaneleyo kufuneka zongezwe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhula. Ukuchumisa ingca ngokubanzi kusekelwe kwisichumisi se-nitrogen, kwaye isichumisi esidityanisiweyo sisetyenziswa ngaxeshanye. Izinga lokufaka isichumisi liyi-8 kg ukuya kwi-12 kg nge-mu, kwaye inani lezichumisi lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwengca.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ingca ichumiswa izihlandlo ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8 ngonyaka. Ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuchumisa liphakathi kuka-Epreli noSeptemba, ingakumbi isichumiso sasekwindla ngoSeptemba sibaluleke kakhulu.
Ingca kufuneka ichumiswe ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isichumiso singafakwa phakathi ukusuka kumacala amabini. Emva kokuchumisa, amanzi kufuneka afakwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze anyibilikise ngokupheleleyo isichumiso kwaye akhuthaze ukufunxwa kwezondlo ziingcambu.
Ukunkcenkceshela Ingca yotshani inokumelana nembalela okwahlukileyo ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ifuna amanzi aneleyo ngexesha lokukhula kwayo ngamandla. Ke ngoko, ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha elifanelekileyo yenye indlela yokugcina ingca ilungile. Ngokubanzi, kwixesha elishushu nelomileyo, nkcenkceshela kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 kusasa nangokuhlwa ukuze umanzise iingcambu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 cm ukuya kwi-15 cm. Kucetyiswa ukunkcenkceshela ngamanye amaxesha ukukhusela iingcambu zomhlaba kumlinganiselo othile wokufuma, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler ekhokelela kwicala elinye xa unkcenkceshela ukuze ugcine ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo, wonge amanzi, kwaye ususe uthuli kumphezulu wengca.
Imingxunya yokubhobozakunye nokufaka umhlaba kwiifolokhwe ukuze kuvuleke umoya Ingca kufuneka ivulwe kwaye ivulwe iifolokhwe ukuze kuvuleke umoya kanye ukuya kwezimbini ngonyaka. Emva kokuvulwa kwemingxunya, gcwalisa ingca ngesanti, uze usebenzise iraki enamazinyo kunye nomtshayelo oqinileyo ukuze utshayele inqwaba yesanti ngokulinganayo, ukuze isanti ingene emngxunyeni, iphefumle rhoqo, kwaye iphucule ukuvuza kwamanzi emhlabeni onzulu. Ubukhulu bomaleko wesanti kumphezulu wengca akufuneki budlule kwi-0.5 cm. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvulwa kwemingxunya kunye nokufaka umhlaba kwiifolokhwe ukuze kuvuleke umoya kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo minyaka le.
Susa ukhula kwaye ukhula kufuneka luqonde umgaqo othi “susa kwangethuba, susa oluncinci, uze ulususe ngokupheleleyo”. Sebenzisa imela ukuze ufumane ubungakanani obuncinci, uze ulumbe ngefosholo xa ubungakanani bukhulu kwaye buxineneyo, uze uluphathe ngendlela ephakathi, uze ulungelelanise umhlaba uze utyale kwakhona. Ukongeza, amayeza okubulala ukhula amakhemikhali angasetyenziswa, njenge-20% dimethoate emulsion, i-25% wettable profenofosin emulsion 2,4-d liquid, njl., atshizwa ngemini engenamoya nelanga, iqondo lobushushu lingcono libe ngaphezulu kwama-25℃, emva koko isiphumo seyeza sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye umthamo ungancitshiswa ngesiqingatha. Ukuxuba ngokufanelekileyo amayeza okubulala ukhula kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Kodwa lumka ukuze uphephe iziphumo ezichasene nemveliso. Khetha ukhula oluhambelanayo ngokohlobo lokhula. Amayeza okubulala ukhula alawula ukhula olunamagqabi abanzi yiCaokuojing kunye neKuomie. Ngokubanzi, ukhula olunamagqabi abanzi lutshizwa ngeCaokuojing ngolwelo oluphindwe ngama-200-300; Xa ulawula ukhula lwengca, sebenzisa iCaohejing izihlandlo ezingama-250-300 zolwelo ukutshiza ngaxeshanye, nto leyo enokulawula ngempumelelo ukhula lwengca olufana necrabgrass, tendon grass, foxtail grass, barnyard grass, lycopodium, wild oats, kunye neteff. Xa ukhula olunamagqabi abanzi kunye nokhula lwengca luvela ngaxeshanye, sebenzisa ulwelo oluphindwe ka-150 lweHekuojing ukutshiza ngaxeshanye, nto leyo enokufezekisa isiphumo sokubulala ukhula oluninzi ngaxeshanye. Ukulawula ukhula lwe-sedge, tshiza izihlandlo ezingama-200-300 zeMesabendazole. Ukusetyenziswa kube kanye kunokubangela iirhizomes zeCyperus rot, kwaye izinga lokuphinda kuvele liphantsi kakhulu.
Izifo zengca ikakhulu zibangelwa yifungus, ezifana nokugqwala, i-powdery mildew, i-sclerotinia, i-anthracnose, njl. Zihlala zikhona kwiingcambu ezifileyo, iziqu kunye namagqabi ezityalo emhlabeni. Xa zidibana neemeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, ziya konakalisa ingca, zithintele ukukhula kwengca, kwaye zijike zibe tyheli okanye zife zibe ziingceba okanye iibhloko.
Indlela yokuthintela nokulawula idla ngokusebenzisa iifungicides ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ngokweemeko zezifo. Iifungicides ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuthintela ziquka i-methyl thiophanate, i-carbendazim, i-chlorothalonil, njl. Izinambuzane ezonakalisa ingca ziquka izinambuzane ezitya amagqabi nezondla iingcambu ezifana nee-noctuid larvae, i-armyworms, i-snails, i-grubs, i-mole crickets, kunye nee-ants. Izinambuzane ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-dimethoate, i-cypermethrin, kunye ne-dichlorvos. Xa kuthintela kwaye kulawula, ingca kufuneka inqunyulwe kancinci ize itshizwe.
Ukuba ingca inempandla okanye ifile kancinci, kufuneka ihlaziywe kwaye ivuselelwe ngexesha. Oko kukuthi, xa usebenzisa isichumiso ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekupheleni kwekwindla, xuba imbewu yengca ehlumileyo kunye nesichumiso kunye uze uzifafaze ngokulinganayo kwingca, okanye sebenzisa i-roller ukusika umngxuma rhoqo kwi-20 cm kwingca kwaye ufake umgquba ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezintsha. Ukuba akukho mhlaba kunye nokuvuza kweengcambu okubangelwa kukuthena rhoqo, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokucoca umaleko wengca efileyo, yongeza umhlaba uze uwuqengqe ngexesha lokuhluma kwengca okanye emva kokuthena. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kwenziwe kube kanye ngonyaka, kwaye ukuqengqeleka kwenziwa rhoqo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kokuba umhlaba unyibilikile.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-27-2024