Iingca zinemisebenzi yokucoca umoya, ukufunxa uthuli, ukuthintela ingxolo, ukumelana nongcoliseko kunye nokufunxa iziyobisi, ukunciphisa ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, ukunciphisa isantya semitha yelanga, ukukhusela nokubuyisela umbono, ukwenza izixeko zibe luhlaza kwaye zihombise, kunye nokuphucula i-ecology yasezidolophini.
Iingca zihlala zisanda. Nangona kunjalo, iingca zasekhaya zihlala ziwohloka kwaye zishiywa emva kweminyaka emi-3-5, kwaye ezinye iingca zide zibe zingenamveliso emva kokuba zilinyiwe. Ixesha lokusetyenziswa kweengca ezineteknoloji yolondolozo egqibeleleyo kwamanye amazwe lingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10-15. Isizathu kukuba iteknoloji yolondolozo lwengca yelizwe lam ayivuthwanga ngokwaneleyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yeendlela zolondolozo ezingafanelekanga okanye ezingafanelekanga ezifana nokuthena, ukuchumisa, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Amanqaku aphambili kwiteknoloji yolondolozo kunye nolawulo lwengca achazwe ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
1. Ukuthena Ukuthena okulinganayo yeyona nto ibalulekileyoukugcinwa kwengcaUkuba ingca ayinqunyulwanga ngexesha, inxalenye engentla yesiqu sayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha imbewu, ithintela kwaye ichaphazele ukukhula kwengca enganyamezeliyo esezantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo engenanto.
Ixesha lokuthena ingca ngokubanzi liqala ngoMatshi ukuya kuNovemba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuthena kwiminyaka efudumeleyo yasebusika. Ukuphakama kokuthena ingca ngokubanzi kulandela umgaqo we-1/3. Ukuthena kokuqala kwenziwa xa ingca iphakame nge-10-12cm, kwaye ukuphakama kweengca kuyi-6-8cm. Inani lamaxesha okuthena lixhomekeke kwisantya sokukhula kwengca. Iingca ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kwamanye amazwe zithenwa ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezili-10 okanye amakhulu eminyaka ngonyaka. Ngokwesiqhelo uMeyi noJuni zezona zihlandlo zokukhula ezinamandla kakhulu kwengca, kwaye zithenwa izihlandlo ezili-1-2 rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10, kwaye izihlandlo ezili-1-2 rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-10-15 ngamanye amaxesha. Emva kokuthena izihlandlo ezininzi, ingca ayigcini nje ngokuba neerhizomes eziphuhlileyo kunye nokukwazi ukugquma okuqinileyo, kodwa ikwaphantsi, amagqabi ayancipha, kwaye ixabiso lokuhombisa liphezulu.
Xa ucheba ingca, ibhanti yokucheba kufuneka ilingane, kwaye icala kufuneka litshintshwe ngalo lonke ixesha ucheba. Kwimbalela, ingca echetyiweyo ingafakwa kwingca ukuze iphole, kodwa ayinakubekwa ixesha elide, kungenjalo iya kuthambisa ingca ngokulula, ikhule kancinci kwaye ivelise iintsholongwane. Imiphetho yengca ngokubanzi inqunyulwa ngesikere ukuze ihlale intle.
2. Ukuchumisa Ukuchumisa yenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokugcinwa kwengca. Okukhona ingca ichetywa amaxesha amaninzi, kokukhona izondlo ezininzi zisuswa emhlabeni. Ke ngoko, izondlo ezaneleyo kufuneka zongezwe ukubuyisela ukukhula. Inani leemfuno zokuchumisa liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengca. Ngokubanzi, ingca ichumiswa amaxesha asi-7-8 ngonyaka. Ixesha lokuchumisa eligxininisiweyo liphakathi kuka-Epreli no-Okthobha, ingakumbi isichumiso sasekwindla ngo-Okthobha sibaluleke kakhulu. Xa uchumisa, sebenzisa i-Ireland esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ebonelela ngeentlobo ezili-12 zezondlo kwingca ngaxeshanye, ekhuselekileyo kwaye engonzakalisi izithole kwaye ithintela ukuqina.
3. Ukunkcenkceshela: Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukumelana nembalela kwengca yotshani kuyahluka. Ngexesha lokukhula kwayo ngamandla, ifuna amanzi aneleyo. Ke ngoko, ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha elifanelekileyo yenye indlela yokugcina ingca ilungile. Ngokubanzi, kwixesha elishushu nelomileyo, nkcenkceshela kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-5-7 kusasa nangokuhlwa, kwaye umanzise iingcambu ukuya kwi-10-15cm. Kucetyiswa ukunkcenkceshela ngamanye amaxesha ukukhusela iingcambu zomhlaba kumswakama othile, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ukutshiza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye kungabikho kunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler xa unkcenkceshela, ukugcina ukunkcenkceshela kufana, ukonga amanzi, kunye nokususa uthuli kumphezulu wengca.
4. Ukubhoboza umhlaba kunye nokuwufaka ifolokhwe ukuze uphefumle: Ingca kufuneka ibhobozwe kwaye ifakelwe ifolokhwe ukuze iphefumle ka-1-2 ngonyaka, kwaye kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokubhoboza kwiindawo ezinkulu. Emva kokubhoboza, gcwalisa ingca ngesanti, uze usebenzise i-toothrack kunye ne-broom eqinileyo ukuze utshayele inqwaba yesanti ngokulinganayo, ukuze isanti ingene emngxunyeni, igcine isibindi, kwaye iphucule ukuvuza komhlaba okunzulu. Ubukhulu bomaleko wesanti kumphezulu wengca akufuneki budlule kwi-0.5cm. Ukuze uphefumle kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neengca ezithambileyo, ungasebenzisa ifolokhwe yokumba ukuze umbe kwindawo eyi-8-10cm kunye nobunzulu, kwaye intloko yefolokhwe ingena iphume ngqo ukuze uphephe ukuzisa iibhloko zomhlaba. Iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeefolokhwe zingatshintshwa kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo, kwaye neefosholo nazo zingasetyenziswa. Xa ubhoboza, ezinye iingcambu zengca yengca zinokunqunyulwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu okunamandla. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokubhoboza kunye nokufunxa umoya emhlabeni kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo minyaka le.
5. Ukususa ukhula. Ukususa ukhula kufuneka kulandele umgaqo "wokususa kwangethuba", "ukususa okuncinci", kunye "nokususa". Sebenzisa imela ngomlinganiselo omncinci, kwaye usebenzise ifosholo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu noxineneyo, uze ulinganise umhlaba uze utyale kwakhona. Ukongeza, amayeza okubulala ukhula akhethiweyo angasetyenziswa, njengeCaohejing, Matangjing, Caokuojing, Hekuojing, Mieshajing, Pujujing kunye nezinye amayeza okubulala ukhula ajoliswe kuwo kwaye akhuselekileyo. Futha ngemini engenamoya nenelanga, ubushushu kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kwama-25℃, emva koko isiphumo seyeza sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ukuxuba ngokufanelekileyo amayeza okubulala ukhula kunokuphucula isiphumo seyeza. Kodwa lumka ukuze uphephe iziphumo ezingalunganga.
6. Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo Uninzi lwezifo zengca yifungi, ezifana nomhlwa, i-powdery mildew, i-sclerotinia, i-anthracnose, njl. Zihlala zikhona kwiingcambu, iziqu kunye namagqabi ezityalo ezifileyo emhlabeni. Xa zidibana neemeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, ziya kosulela kwaye zonakalise ingca, zithintele ukukhula kwengca, kwaye ziyijike ibe tyheli okanye ife ibe ziingceba okanye iibhloko. Indlela yokuthintela nokulawula idla ngokusebenzisa iifungicides ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ngokwemigaqo yosulelo lwesifo. Iifungicides ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuthintela ziquka i-carbendazim, i-thiophanate-methyl, njl. Izinambuzane ezonakalisa ingca ziquka izinambuzane ezitya amagqabi kunye neengcambu ezifana ne-noctuid larvae, i-armyworms, i-snails, i-grubs, iimbovane, njl. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-Bichrysanthemum. Xa zithintela kwaye zilawula, ingca kufuneka inqunyulwe kancinci ize itshizwe.
7. Ukuhlaziywa nokuvuselelwa kunyeukuqengqeleka komhlabaUkuba ingca ifile kancinci okanye ifile kancinci, kufuneka ihlaziywe kwaye iqiniswe ngexesha, oko kukuthi, xa ufaka isichumiso ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekupheleni kwekwindla, xuba imbewu yengca ehlumileyo kunye nezichumisi kunye uze uzifafaze ngokulinganayo kwingca, okanye sebenzisa i-roller ukusika umngxuma rhoqo kwi-20 cm kwingca kwaye ufake umgquba ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezintsha. Ngenxa yokungabikho komhlaba kunye nokuvuza kweengcambu okubangelwa kukuthenwa rhoqo, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokucoca umaleko wengca efileyo, umhlaba kufuneka wongezwe kwaye ugoqwe ngexesha lokuhluma kwengca okanye emva kokuthenwa. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kwenziwe kube kanye ngonyaka, kwaye ukugoqwa kwenziwa rhoqo emva kokuba umhlaba unyibilikile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-18-2024