Emva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo buyanyuka, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca ziqala ukukhula kwakhona, zenze uhlaza olutsha, kwaye ingca ingena kwixesha lokuphinda ihlaze. Xa ifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-4°C, iziqu eziphezulu kunye namagqabi engca ebanda aqala ukukhula, kwaye incopho ifikelela kwinqanaba lokuphinda ihlaze. Isantya sokukhula sikhawuleza kwi-15-25℃. Ingca ye-turf efudumeleyo iya kutsala amahlumela amatsha kwisiseko sesiqu okanye kwi-rhizome xa ubushushu bunyuka ukuya kwi-10-12.7℃ kungekudala, kwaye kancinci kancinci ikhula iingcambu, iziqu kunye namagqabi. Ubushushu bokukhula kwengca ye-turf yi-25-35℃. Ukubuyiselwa kokukhula kwengca ye-turf kuqala kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ibanda-ingca yomhlabaiqala ukukhula xa ubushushu bumalunga ne-0°C. Inkqubo yeengcambu ze-turfgrass efudumeleyo iphinda ibuyele kwimeko yayo yangaphambili kunenxalenye yomhlaba, kodwa ineemfuneko zobushushu eziphezulu. Iphezulu (7~11℃). Ukukhuthaza ingca ukuba ibe luhlaza kwangaphambili, ulawulo kufuneka luqiniswe kwezi zinto zilandelayo.
1. Lawula ngokungqongqo amanqanaba amathathu uze ugalele amanzi aluhlaza kakuhle
Njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, ingca ingena kancinci kancinci kwixesha lokuluhlaza. Ngeli xesha, ukubonelelwa kwamanzi kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengca yotshani. Amanzi angena amanzi ka-1-3 ukususela ngeveki enye ngaphambi kokuba ingca yotshani ibe luhlaza ngexesha lexesha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezomileyo okanye kwiminyaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa kugalelwa amanzi aluhlaza, kufuneka kulawulwe izinto ezintathu ngokungqongqo.
Cima ubushushu kakuhle. “Iyabanda ebusuku ize inyamalale emini, ngoko ke ukunkcenkceshela kulungile.” Olu lushwankathelo lwamava okunkcenkceshela amanzi aluhlaza kwiingca ezipholileyo emantla. Musa ukuthulula ngokungaboniyo amanzi abuyele kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwangethuba. Ukuba umhlaba oqandisiweyo awukanyibiliki, ukunkcenkceshela kwangethuba kuya kuqokelelana amanzi ngokulula, kuqande, kwaye kubande. Kungenziwa kuphela xa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla bufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-3℃. Ukwehla kobushushu bomhlaba kuchaphazela uphuhliso lweengcambu kunye nomsebenzi weentsholongwane ze-turfgrass, okubangela ukukhula kwe-turfgrass ukuba kume okanye kuvele izithole ezincinci ezindala. Emva kokuba umaleko womhlaba ususiwe, ukuba imeko yomthombo wamanzi ayilunganga, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ngoko nangoko ngokwemeko yezithole. Ukuba imeko yomthombo wamanzi ilungile, ukunkcenkceshela kunokuqaliswa xa ubushushu bomhlaba buzinzile ngaphezu kwe-5℃ 5cm emva kokuba umaleko womhlaba ususiwe.
Cima ubungakanani bamanzi. Lawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani bamanzi xa ubuyisela amanzi aluhlaza. Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhulu lobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye nokutshintsha rhoqo kwemisinga yomoya obandayo nofudumeleyo, ubungakanani bokunkcenkceshela bufanelekile kumanzi amancinci endaweni yokuzalisa ngamanzi amaninzi ukuthintela umonakalo obandayo kwingca ye-turf obangelwa kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu kunye nobushushu bomhlaba xa kubanda.
Ngokomthamo womswakama wengca, misela indlela yokuqala yokunkcenkceshela. Ncenkceshela izithole ezinkulu kunye nezithole ezomeleleyo kuqala, uze emva koko utyele izithole ezibuthathaka; ncenkceshela izithole kumhlaba onesihlabathi onokungena kakuhle kuqala, uze utyele izithole kumhlaba onamathelayo ongenakungena kakuhle; Ncenkceshela izithole ngembalela enzima kuqala, uze utyele izithole ngembalela encinci. Izithole kumhlaba we-saline-alkali kufuneka zityelwe kamva; kwiingca ezinamaqela amakhulu kakhulu, ukunkcenkceshela kunokulibaziseka ukukhuthaza ukuhlukana kwee-tillers ezinkulu nezincinci. Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, imbalela iya kuba yingxaki Iingca zaseNtwasahlobo kufuneka ziqwalasele indibaniselwano yokunkcenkceshela kunye namanyathelo okukhulula umhlaba ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezilungileyo.
2. Faka isichumiso esiluhlaza
Intwasahlobo lixesha elibalulekileyoukuchumisa ingca, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwengca unyaka wonke. Iveki enye ngaphambi kokuba ingca ibuyele eluhlaza, ukuchumisa okunengqiqo kufuneka kwenziwe kunye nokugalelwa kwamanzi aluhlaza. Eli xesha likhuthaza kakhulu ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwengca eluhlaza kunye nezithole. Sebenzisa i-urea esekelwe kwisichumiso se-nitrogen, kwaye uyisasaze ngokulinganayo ngokwezinga lokuchumisa le-5gN/m2. Ingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ingca ukuba ibe luhlaza kwangethuba. Emva kokuba ingca iguquke yaba luhlaza, isichumiso se-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium compound singasetyenziswa kunye nokunkcenkceshela. Kwangaxeshanye lokuchumisa, iarhente yokuqinisa iingcambu enamandla nekhawulezayo inokongezwa, enokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-callus, ikhuthaze ukwahluka kweengcambu, ikhawulezise uphuhliso lweengcambu, ikhulise izithole ezomeleleyo, iphucule umgangatho wengca kwaye ithintele izifo zengca, njl.njl., ngakumbi kwizifo zengca ngenxa ye- Inempembelelo emangalisayo yokuvuselela izithole ezibuthathaka nezigulayo ezibangelwa kukonakala kwengca okubangelwa ziimeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo.
3. Lima ukuze ukhulule umhlaba kwaye ukhuphe amanzi kwaye unciphise ukungcola. Ngaphambi kokuba ube luhlaza, ingca exineneyo kufuneka ilinywe kwaye ingcoliswe. Kwiindawo ezinamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aphezulu, imisele ejikelezileyo kunye nemisele yomqolo kufuneka ivulwe ukuze kuncitshiswe amanzi kwaye kuncitshiswe ukungcola.
4. Yenza umsebenzi omhle wokugcwalisa izikhewu. Ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwa yingqele okanye izinto ezibangelwa ngabantu, ingca yesosi idla ngokuba namabala amdaka. Kwimeko yamabala amdaka, kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi wokugcwalisa izikhewu ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ingca yesosi efudumeleyo ingatyalwa ngokutyala isiqu, ingca yesosi ebandayo ingatyalwa ngokutyala imbewu, okanye ukufakelwa kwenye indawo kungasetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa izikhewu. Ukugcwalisa izikhewu, kufuneka ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Khuthaza ukuhluma kwangethuba, ukusinda kwangethuba kunye nokukhula okulinganayo.
Ngamafutshane, ulawulo lwesichumiso namanzi linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ingca ukuba ibe luhlaza kwangethuba. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho isichumiso namanzi afunekayo ukuze ingca ibe luhlaza.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-23-2024