Inkqubo yokutyala ingca entsha

Ingca ephumelelayo ayinakwahlulwa kulawulo olucokisekileyo, kodwa amanyathelo okusebenza ngexesha lokusekwa nawo abaluleke kakhulu. Iingxaki ezininzi ezidibana nazo kulawulo lwengca zinokunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo neempazamo okanye ukungakhathali kwinkqubo yokusekwa kwengca. Ukuba umsebenzi ngexesha lokusekwa wenziwa ngononophelo nangocoselelo, umsebenzi wolawulo emva kokusekwa nawo uya kuba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ukutyala akulunganga, kunokubangela iingxaki ezinje ngokuzala kokhula, ukonakala kwezinambuzane, iimeko ezimbi zomhlaba, ukukhula okungalinganiyo kwengca yengca, njl.njl. ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, njengezinye iiprojekthi zokwakha ngokubanzi, ukutyala ingcakufuneka kwakhona ibe neenkqubo ezithile, ikakhulu: ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukukhethwa kwembewu yengca, ukusasazwa kwengca, njl. Kwiprojekthi ekufuneka zisiwe ukuze zisetyenziswe, kufuneka ube noxanduva lokunyamekela nokugcina ingca encinci ngaphambi kokuba ihanjiswe. Ikwazile ukuvelisa ingca esemgangathweni ophezulu.

Inkqubo yokutyala ingca entsha

Ukutyala ingca entsha ngumsebenzi onzima nocwangcisiweyo. Kufuna uthotho lwemida ekumiselweni kwayo ngokusekelwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zendawo, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Kodwa ngokubanzi, eyona nto iphambili Yenza utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwezi nkalo zilandelayo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

1. Khetha iintlobo zengca efanelekileyo

Ukukhethwa kweentlobo zengca yotshani kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ukongeza kwiimfuno zabathengi kunye neengcebiso zabathengisi bembewu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingca yotshani ekhethiweyo kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nemozulu yendawo kunye neemeko zomhlaba. Umzekelo: ukuba umhlaba wokuhlwayela unomthunzi omncinci, kufuneka kukhethwe ingca yotshani enyamezela umthunzi. Ingca yotshani ekhethiweyo kufuneka isebenzise uthotho lwamanyathelo olawulo afana nokuthena, ukuchumisa okanye ukunkcenkceshela. Kunzima kakhulu ukungawunaki indawo yokutyala kunye nendawo yokutyala ngenxa yokuthanda kwakho. Ukungenisa iintlobo ngokungaboniyo ngenxa yokwahluka kwemozulu kwindawo ezivela kuyo kunye nokwenza ukuzala okukhulu kunye nokwakha akuyi kubangela ukungaphumeleli kuphela, kodwa kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nezinye. Xa uzisa okanye wamkela uhlobo olutsha lwengca yotshani, kufuneka uzame ukubonisana neengcali ezifanelekileyo okanye abathengisi bembewu yotshani. Ukuba kuyimfuneko kwaye kunokwenzeka, kufuneka ngokubanzi wenze uvavanyo lokutyala kwindawo encinci kuqala ukuze uphephe ilahleko ezingeyomfuneko kwezoqoqosho. Iimfuno kunye nemigangatho yokukhetha ethile zichazwe kamva.

2. Ukulungiswa kwebhedi ethe tyaba

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca, kodwa iimfuno zengca ziyafana. Zonke zifuna ubume bomhlaba obunokumelana kakuhle nokukhula kwengca yengca. Ke ngoko, ukuba iimeko zengca azilunganga, kufuneka kwenziwe uthotho lwembewu kumhlaba wengca. Kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba unokukhupha amanzi kakuhle, utyani obuphezulu, kunye ne-pH efanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kwenziwe ukuchumisa umhlaba kunye nokongezwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi othile wokwakha ingca yengca unxulumene neemeko zendalo zendawo yengca, njengeendawo. Izinto zemozulu ziya kuchaphazela uyilo kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokukhuculwa kwamanzi kwindawo yengca ethe tyaba. Iimpawu ezithile zomhlaba ziya kuchaphazela nokuchumisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokulungisa umhlaba. Ke ngoko, ekulungiseleleni ingca yengca ethe tyaba, iimeko zendalo zendawo echaseneyo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Yenza uphando oluneenkcukacha nolucacileyo.

3. Ukusasazwa kwengca

Ingca ekhethiweyo ingasasazwa ngendlela yezityalo okanye ngembewu. Ngayinye ineengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo, kodwa nokuba loluphi uhlobo lokusasazeka, kufuneka kukhethwe ixesha kunye nendlela ethile.

(1) Ukukhetha ixesha lokukhulisa ingca

Ngokwethiyori, ukusasazeka kwengca kunokwenziwa unyaka wonke, kodwa ukuze kubekho impumelelo ephezulu ekusekeni ingca, kukhethwa ixesha elithile. Ngokubanzi, logama nje ubushushu ngexesha lokusasazeka kwengca kunye nobushushu kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokusasazeka. Ubushushu bufanelekile ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwengca yotshani. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo kukho ixesha elifanelekileyo - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokubanzi, ukusasazeka kwengca yotshani yexesha elipholileyo kunokukhethwa ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngelixa ukusasazeka kwengca yotshani yexesha elifudumeleyo kunokukhethwa phakathi kokuphela kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuba kukhethwe intwasahlobo, ukutyala kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko kangangoko. , ukuze izithole zikhule kakuhle kwaye zakhe umphezulu othe tyaba ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba kufike imozulu eshushu, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhlasela kokhula lwasehlotyeni. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokukhula kwezithole lidla ngokuba sekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kule maxesha mabini onyaka, ukhula alubi nzulu kakhulu ehlotyeni, kwaye ubushushu kunye nemvula zilungele ngakumbi ukukhula kwengca yotshani. Ukuba izinzile kakuhle ngaphambi kwexesha elibandayo lasebusika, Nje ukuba umsebenzi wokwakha ingca ugqityiwe, ingca ye-turf etyalwe ngexesha elipholileyo isenokumelana nokubanda kwasebusika. Nangona kunjalo, xa kusakhiwa ingca entsha kwindawo ethe tyaba, akulunganga ukuba umphathi wengca agxininise ukuba xa umhlaba wokuhlwayela uhlangabezana neemeko, kufuneka uhlwayelwe nokuba umhla wokuhlwayela ufanelekile na. Ukuba kufuneka kwakhiwe ibhedi ethe tyaba ngeli xesha, kule meko, kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo ekhethekileyo yokunciphisa iziphumo ezingafunekiyo zokuhlwayela ngaphandle kwexesha, njengokugquma. Ukuze kukhuselwe izithole ekulahlekelweni okubangelwa bubushushu nokoma komphezulu womhlaba, umphezulu womhlaba kufuneka ugqunywe kancinci ngengca okanye ezinye izityalo ezifana (nengca), kwaye unkcenkceshelwe ngononophelo. La manyathelo aluncedo ekuhlwayeleni ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukutyala phakathi kwehlobo kudla ngokuba nzima ukufikelela kwimpumelelo (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imbewu embalwa yengca efudumeleyo efana ne-zoysia kunye ne-bermudagrass ukwakha ingca). Ingqiqo elungileyo inokukunceda ukwandisa ukutyala kude kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ebusika kwiindawo ezininzi zaseMzantsi, xa kufuneka kubekho ugqumo oluluhlaza (ezifana neenkundla zegalufa, njl.njl.), ukutyala i-ryegrass kunokubonelela ngengca eyanelisayo yexeshana.

Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala yintwasahlobo (xa amaqondo obushushu eshushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingca ikhule). Olu hlobo lokutyala imbewu kwangethuba luya kugcina ingca yakho eluhlaza kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula ngaphambi kokuba kufike iinyanga ezibandayo. Xa utyala ingca kwiindawo ezishushu, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lokukhetha malunga nemihla yokutyala. Enyanisweni, le ndawo ingatyalwa nangaliphi na ixesha ehlotyeni ukuba kukho umswakama obonelelwayo ukuze imbewu ikhule kwaye ikhule ingca ye-turf.

(2) Ukuhlwayela ingca ebandayo exutyiweyo

Iindawo ezinobusika obubandayo (njengeendawo ezininzi ezikumntla welizwe lam) zihlala zisebenzisa ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo. Ngokubanzi, isiphumo sokuhlwayela ingca ye-turf exutyiweyo siyanelisa ngakumbi kunesokuhlwayela kube kanye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo akwenzeki kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwengca ye-turf esemgangathweni ophezulu isebenzisa ukusasazeka kwezityalo endaweni yokusasazeka kwembewu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukhuphiswano phakathi kwazo lunzima kakhulu. Ngokwale mbono, azifanelekanga ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo. Ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo emantla kuneengenelo ezininzi. Ukukhula kokwenyani kwengca ye-turf yokuqala kwindibaniselwano yokuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo kuyahluka ngexesha lokukhula. Ke ngoko, ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekupheleni kwekwindla, ukukhula kwengca ye-turf exutyiweyo kunokufana ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhlwayela okuxutyiweyo kunokuthintela ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwezifo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umonakalo kwihlabathi liphela.

Xa kuhlwayelwa ingca exutyiweyo kwiindawo ezibandayo, ukuba ubungakanani beentlobo nganye bufanelekile (ungafuna iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso kubathengisi bembewu yengca), ungaqala usebenzise ingca yetshatsha yexeshana (kungcono i-ryegrass ehlala ixesha elide) ukuze ihlale emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza, uze emva koko Nangona ukukhula nophuhliso lwale ngca yetshatsha lucotha, ingca yetshatsha ehlala ixesha elide ikhula kancinci kancinci, yenze ingca ezinzileyo. I-ryegrass yase-Italy (i-ryegrass yegadi) ayifanelekanga ukutyalwa ingca exutyiweyo kuba ikhula ngamandla kangangokuba ikhupha ezinye ingca zetshatsha ezikhula kancinci. Ukuba i-turfgrass enyamezela umthunzi iyafuneka kumxube, i-meadow fescue (endaweni ye-oxtail) ingabala i-15% yomxube, nto leyo enokudala iimeko zokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-meadow fescue inyamezela umthunzi ngelixa i-ryegrass ingenawo. Ingca yetshatsha encinci nayo ingafakwa njengenxalenye yomxube, kodwa umlinganiselo uwonke wazo zonke iingca ezikhula ngokukhawuleza (i-ryegrass okanye i-meadow fescue kunye nengca yetshatsha encinci) akufuneki udlule kwi-25%. Iingxubevange zengca ezenziwe ngembewu engabizi kakhulu zihlala ziquka ingca eninzi yexeshana (ryegrass, meadow fescue, okanye chaff grass) kunye nenxalenye enciphileyo yengca esisigxina ebiza kakhulu. Okukhona inani lembewu yengca yexeshana equlethwe kuyo liphezulu (malunga nama-25%), kokukhona amathuba okuba ingca esisigxina idale ingca eqinileyo.

Misela ingca eqhelekileyo emhlabeni onelanga elaneleyo kunye nokuchuma okuphakathi. Ingca ye-turfgrass ehlala ixesha elide ebanda ingaba yi-bluegrass, i-purple fescue kunye ne-tenuous bentgrass, okanye i-bluegrass ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye ne-purple fescue zingasetyenziswa. Uhlobo. Imbewu ye-bentgrass ebuthathaka akufuneki ibe nembewu ye-bentgrass erhubuluzayo ukuthintela ukuxinana okunokubangela ingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ekubeni iimpawu zokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwengca ye-turfgrass efudumeleyo zahlukile kwezo zengca ye-cold-land, ukuhlwayela kube kanye kudla ngokusetyenziswa endaweni yokutyala okuxutyiweyo phakathi kwazo.-isipinaisixhobo sokusasaza isichumisoKakade ke, oku akuchasani nokuhlwayelwa kwengca ye-turfgrass exutyiweyo kwindawo ebandayo nefudumeleyo eye yenziwa ngempumelelo kwezinye iindawo.

Xa kusekwa ingca ekwaziyo ukumelana nomthunzi kwiindawo ezipholileyo, i-bluegrass eneziqu ezixineneyo kufuneka ithathelwe indawo yi-bluegrass yasendle kwaye, ukuba ixutyiwe, kufuneka kufakwe i-fescue emfusa, ngelixa i-downy bentgrass kufuneka isetyenziswe endaweni ye-thin bentgrass. I-fescue yamadlelo kunye ne-brangrass kufuneka zibe yi-turfgrass yasekuhlaleni ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-mixed turfgrass. Phakathi kwe-turfgrass yasendle efudumeleyo, i-obtusegrass yeyona ikwaziyo ukumelana nomthunzi, ngelixa i-carpet grass ingakwaziyo ukumelana nomthunzi.

Kwiindawo ezibandayo ezinomhlaba ombi kunye namathambeka, ingca exutyiweyo kufuneka ibe nenxalenye enkulu yengca encinci yebran, kwaye inani le-purple fescue kufuneka landiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, ukuxhomekeka kwi-bluegrass kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Phakathi kwengca ye-turfgrass efudumeleyo, i-bermudagrass luhlobo olufanelekileyo kwezi ndawo ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo imbalela.