Ukuqondakala nokusebenza kakuhle kokuchumisa ingca kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo kunye nohlobo lwesichumisi, iimpawu zokukhula kwengca, ixesha lokukhula, imozulu, umhlaba kunye nezinye izinto zendalo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula.
Ubonelelo lwezondlo kunye nemfuno yazo
Ubonelelo lwezondlo kunye nemfuno sisiseko sokugweba ukuba ingca ifuna ukuchumiswa kunye nohlobo lwesichumisi esifunekayo. Ngokuyintloko ibhekisa kwimfuno yezondlo zengca yotshani kunye nenqanaba lokuchuma komhlaba. Imeko yesondlo sengca yotshani inokumiselwa ngokuxilongwa kwezondlo zezityalo kunye nokulinganiswa kwezicubu, kwaye amandla okubonelela ngesichumisi somhlaba anokuqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lomhlaba. Ukudibanisa ezi zimbini kunokumisela unikezelo lwezondlo kunye nemfuno yengca yotshani, ukuze kusetyenziswe isichumisi ngendlela ejolise kuyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwezityalo bubuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwesichumiso se-nitrogen. Uhlobo lwezondlo ezifunekayo kwingca yotshani lunokufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zokunqongophala, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhupha ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka, njengokugcwala kwamanzi kunye nobushushu. Uvavanyo lwezicubu lunokufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bezondlo ezifunxwe kwaye ziguqulwe yingca yotshani, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezilandelelanayo.
Uvavanyo lomhlaba lunokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuchuma komhlaba wengca, ukuze kuchongwe ukwakheka kwezondlo, umlinganiselo kunye nobungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwesichumisi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, xa kusetyenziswa isichumisi esisisiseko, ubungakanani besichumisi sephosphorus kunye nepotassium busetyenziswa ngokuyintloko ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lomhlaba. Uvavanyo lomhlaba kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ngexesha lokugcinwaingca evuthiweyo, kwaye isicwangciso sokufaka isichumiso kufuneka siphuculwe kancinci kancinci.
Iimpawu zesidingo sengca yengca kwizondlo
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca yotshani zinezahluko ezinkulu kwimfuno yazo yezakhamzimba, ingakumbi initrogen. Ngokuthe ngqo, phakathi kwengca yotshani yexesha elipholileyo, i-fescue ebomvu inemfuno ephantsi yenitrogen, kwaye ubuninzi bengca kunye nomgangatho wehla phantsi kweemeko zenitrogen ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-fescue yotshani ifuna umhlaba ochumileyo kwaye ayinakwenza utshani oluhle kumhlaba ombi. Nangona i-fescue ende inyamezela ulawulo olubanzi, isabela kakhulu kwisichumiso senitrogen. Phakathi kwengca yotshani yexesha elifudumeleyo, ingca ye-false centipede, ingca yekhaphethi kunye ne-coastal paspalum zinemfuno ephantsi yokuchuma, kwaye i-bermudagrass inemfuno ephezulu yesichumiso senitrogen. I-Zoysia isebenza ngcono phantsi kweemeko zesichumiso esiphezulu, kodwa inokunyamezela isichumiso esincinci.
Kukwakho umahluko kwimfuno yezakhamzimba phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezifanayo. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwe-bermudagrass iTexture10 lufuna isichumiso esingaphezulu kune-Ormand, ngelixa iintlobo ze-meadow grass iMidnight kunye neGlade zifuna isichumiso esingaphezulu kuneKenblue kunye nePark. Iintlobo ezifuna isichumiso esingaphezulu kufuneka zibe nesichumiso esaneleyo, kungenjalo umgangatho wengca uya kwehla. Kwiintlobo ezifuna isichumiso esincinci, ukuchumisa okugqithisileyo akuyi kusilela nje ekuphuculeni umgangatho wengca, kodwa kuya kunciphisa umgangatho wengca kwaye konyuse iindleko zolawulo.
Imfuno yezakhamzimba nayo yahlukile ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhula kwengca eyomileyo. Xa ingca ityaliwe, isichumisi esisisiseko kufuneka siqulathe iigram ezi-5/square meter zenitrogen ecocekileyo, ngelixa iphosphorus, ipotassium, njl.njl. zinokumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lomhlaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe na kwaye kusetyenziswe malini. Kwingca evuthiweyo, ukuchumisa ngexesha lokukhula okunamandla ikakhulu sisichumisi senitrogen, kwaye isichumisi sephosphorus sinokushiywa. Ngamaxesha okukhula angathandekiyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isichumisi senitrogen esincinci, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe isichumisi sephosphorus kunye nepotassium ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuze kugcinwe ingca ekhoyo esemgangathweni ophezulu, kukhethwe inqanaba eliphantsi lokubonelela ngenitrogen. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwengca eyomileyo kwaye kuphuculwe ingca eyomileyo ngoxinano oluphantsi, ukukhula okubuthathaka okanye ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, izinambuzane nezifo ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka inqanaba eliphezulu lenitrogen.
Impembelelo yendalo ekufunxeni izondlo kwizityalo
Xa iimeko zendalo zilungele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwengca eyomileyo, kufuneka kubekho izondlo ezaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zokukhula. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka kubekho izondlo ezaneleyo ze-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium ukuze izityalo zikwazi ukumelana nembalela, ukumelana nokubanda kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi okanye ngexesha loxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kufuneka kulawulwe okanye kusetyenziswe ngononophelo. Xa uxinzelelo lwendalo lususiwe, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho izondlo ezithile ukuze kuphuculwe ukubuyiswa kwengca eyomileyo ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi se-nitrogen kwiingca zexesha lokubanda ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni kufuneka kuqatshelwe kakhulu. I-nitrogen ikhuthaza ukukhula kwengca eyomileyo kwaye yonyusa umthamo wamanzi kwizicubu, kodwa inciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokumelana nezifo kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nembalela. Ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi se-nitrogen ehlotyeni kudla ngokuhamba nezifo ezinkulu zengca.
Ubume kunye nolwakhiwo lomhlaba zinempembelelo enkulu ekukwazini ukugcina izondlo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zichaphazela ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi. Umhlaba onesihlabathi onamaqhekeza aqinileyo awunayo i-fertilizer egciniweyo kwaye ulahleka lula ngenxa yokuvuza. Xa ufaka isichumisi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe izichumisi ezincinci kunye nezichumisi eziphindaphindwayo okanye ezikhutshwa kancinci ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumisi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwengca kunye nokugcinwa kwayo ngamandla
Ukusetyenziswa kwengca ezahlukeneyo kuneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcinwa kunye neemfuno zesichumisi. Iimfuno zomgangatho wengca eluhlaza yegalufa zezona ziphezulu kuzo zonke iingca, nto leyo egqiba ukuba ukugcinwa kwazo kukwaphezulu. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwengca yemidlalo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuchumisa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukubuyiselwa kwengca. Kwiingca zokulondolozwa komhlaba namanzi, iimfuno zazo zomgangatho ziphantsi, kwaye kufuneka isichumisi esinye kuphela ngonyaka, okanye akukho sichumisi sifunekayo.
Amanyathelo olawulo lwengca
Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyoulawulo lwengcaimilinganiselo, ukucheba ukhula kunye nokuchumisa zizinto ezinxulumene kakhulu. Ngenxa yobuhle, abantu badla ngokususa iziqwenga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye basuse izondlo ezininzi. Ukuba ukuchumisa akwandiswanga, umbala wamagqabi engca uya kuba lula, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla komgangatho wengca. Kubikwa ukuba ukubuyisela iziqwenga zengca kunokunciphisa ubungakanani besichumisi ngama-30%. Kwingca yeMoerion meadow bluegrass eneziqwenga zengca ezisusiweyo, imfuno ye-nitrogen kufuneka inyuke nge-0.9 ukuya kwi-1.5 grams ngemitha yesikwere ngenyanga ngexesha lokukhula kwengca. Ukunkcenkceshela ingca nako kuchaphazela ukuchumisa. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kuya kwandisa ukutsalwa kwezondlo zengca, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa imfuno yengca yesichumisi.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-13-2024